Educational Technology

This paper represents the results of a descriptive study investigating the factors influencing teaching Process at Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (Pakistan). The university is located in the province of KPK and is established in 2009. The major factors influencing teaching process are Professional Commitment, Working Environment, and Job Satisfaction. No Significant difference was found between natural and social science departments. While differences was found designation wise i.e lecturer, assistant professor, associate professor and professors and also qualification wise. It can be concluded that designation and qualification matter in factors influencing teaching process.

Graffiti takes the form of written language whose authorship always remains anonymous. It precisely refers to any wall writing, pictures and symbols or markings of any kind on any surface anywhere no matter what motivates the writer. Most graffiti are viewed as illegal or vandalism of property by those in authority. Secondary school students use graffiti as a form of communication when they feel other channels to express themselves, have been blocked by those in authority. The study at aimed at identifying the communicative strategies employed in graffiti writing and the influence of graffiti on learning of English language and classroom learning environment in our schools. Graffiti texts were collected in ten secondary schools purposively sampled in the Larger Laikipia East District in Laikipia County. Out of one thousand graffiti texts collected, two hundred were randomly sampled for analysis. Twenty English teachers were purposively sampled to take part in an interview. One hundred students were randomly sampled to fill in questionnaires. A Focused Group Discussion (FGD) was carried out with another group of five students randomly sampled across the classes in each school. The data collected from this exercise were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to arrive at inferences and conclusions. The study used a sociolinguistic approach to the study of graffiti. The study was guided by General System Theory. The findings of the study were that students used varied communicative strategies like humour, symbolism, irony, short forms, acronyms and abbreviations in their graffiti writings. It was also established that teachers expressed varied opinions that graffiti influenced learning of English language and classroom learning environment in secondary schools. The findings of this research may contribute to the study of sociolinguistics in general and communication in schools in particular. It has been established that students use graffiti to communicate a lot of information that would be beneficial to the head teachers, quality assurance officers, students’ counsellors, policy makers and other stakeholders. Classroom teachers may also use graffiti to establish the unspoken students problems and behaviour and thus prevent entropy of the school system.

The paper explored indoor play materials available for teaching mathematical concepts and skills in ECD centres in Eldoret West Sub-county. The study was guided by Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development in children. Descriptive survey research design was adopted to assess the use of indoor play in enhancing the acquisition of Mathematical concepts and skills. The study was conducted in Eldoret West Sub-county, Kenya. The target population in this study consisted of 181 public ECDE centers with a total of 181 top class ECD teachers that are qualified to teach mathematic activities and 3620 ECDE pupils. 30% of the total number of ECD schools was sampled thus yielding a sample size of 54; that is, 54 ECDE centers out of 181. The researcher selected 362pupils who represented 10% of the target population. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample schools and ECDE pupils. Questionnaires and observation schedule was used to collect data. The data analysis employed the use of both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Majority of the respondents were of the opinion that block play materials are available in this school whereas a significant number of the teachers felt that clay play materials are available in this school and that water and sand play materials are available in this school. The study recommended that the school administration of ECD schools should provide adequate resources and play facilities/materials for the learners to improve on acquisition of mathematical concepts and skills.

Leadership is perceived as being masculine and as a result women are less likely to be seen as leaders regardless of their capability. The purpose of this research is to identify the perception of the respondent about the domain of women as a leader in the field of technical and vocational based on the six domain of leadership and the level of six domain of leadership. A total of 18 female students from section 3 were chosen as respondents. A set of questionnaire was used as an instrument. It consists of two parts. Part A is about the demography of the respondent and part B is about the items to measure respondent’s perception of women as leaders in technical and vocational fields. The question in this study is based on the six domain of leadership. Data collected was processed using Statistics Package for Social Science (SPSS version 16.0) and were analyzed based on descriptive such as mean score, frequency and percentage. The outcome of this research shows that perception of respondent if women want to be or be a leader, they need have domain ethical in the leadership and the level of six domain show the high level result but only the domain inspirational have the moderate level.

When the status of English changes from being a subject in its own right to a service industry for other specialisms, the approaches meant for teaching such English also warrant a few special considerations. Extending a blanket approach to the teaching of ESP as in the case of ESL, will result in gaps between performance levels and target requirements. English for business and technology is distinguished from General English not merely by the existence of learners’ needs but by the teachers’ awareness of such needs. It is not exactly the mastery of ESP teacher in the carrier content that motivates the learners of business and technology as much as his/her ability to drive home the real content using the carrier content as via media and planning interesting activities for the effective delivery of the content. Needs analysis is the epicentre of any sensible approach to the teaching of English for business. The language audit conducted by the teacher at the initial stages sensitizes him/her to the present proficiency levels of learners in a specific area and paves the way for an effective course design. This also projects the role of teacher more as a consultant available for help regarding specific problems in usage. The paper discusses the effectiveness of a few approaches to the teaching of English for business in the Indian context.

The primary responsibility of the principal in a school set up is to facilitate effective teaching and learning with the overall mission of enhancing students’ achievement. Instructional leadership provided by the principal has been identified as a contributing factor to higher student achievement. This study was guided by the following objective: to establish the principals’ role in supervision of curriculum and its effect on academic performance. This study was anchored on Hackman and Walton’s Functional Leadership Theory (1986) which addresses how specific leader behaviors contribute to organizational and leadership effectiveness. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methodology. The researchers sampled 20 (67 %) out of the total thirty schools in the region. Census sampling technique was used to select one extra county boys’ school, one extra county girls’ school, one county girls’ boarding school, one sub county girls’ day school and purposive sampling technique was used to pick sixteen other secondary schools from the categories of county mixed day/boarding and sub-county mixed day schools. The findings indicated that Most principals believed that the instructional practices of the principals impacted positively on academic performance of their schools. Most of them also facilitated acquisition of instructional materials, and helped in organizing the teaching timetable and school routine, which qualified them as instructional leaders.

Students in this 21st century benefit from the Inquiry Based Learning style of teaching and learning as the methods applied by the teachers help students to comprehend topics completely making the learning environment fun, joyful and lessons are easier to grasp. This article informs the audience about the effective implementation of the Inquiry Based Learning specifically in letting the students take ownership of their own learning which leads to enhanced critical thinking. Inquiry Based Learning is closely linked with the pedagogies of the International Baccalaureate making it easier and effective for both teachers and students to ride on the same boat smoothly while understanding the concept of the standard and practices of the International Baccalaureate while working on the methodologies of the Inquiry Based Learning. In this research the benefits of Inquiry Based Learning on International Baccalaureate students have been discussed, and through students’ responses, and classroom observations it is evident that Inquiry Based Learning has a positive impact on International Baccalaureate students developing them to become lifelong learners. After the qualitative analysis was done on the Primary Year students, three interesting developments were found with the use of Inquiry Based Learning in class, developing deeper understanding, developing critical thinking skills and development of social skills.

In this paper, we explain a new type of geometry based on a different way of measuring distance between points, as we explained on different planes like Minkowski and Galilean. Now, we'll give a little background on this unfamiliar geometry. The purpose of this paper is to introduce high school students to taxicab geometry, one type of non-Euclidean geometry in which a new metric to measure distance replaces the usual metric of Euclidean geometry.

The aim of the present study was to analysis the differences in anthropometric characteristics among various playing positions in Hockey. In Hockey the players were classified according to their playing position. These playing position were attackers, Midfielders and Defenders. Fifteen players each from attackers (A), Midfielders (B) and Defenders (D) were chosen as subject for this study. The data were collected during South Zone Inter- University Hockey Tournament held at Bharathiar University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The subjects were randomly selected from various provinces. Body height, body mass, arm span, arm length, palm length, palm span, triceps, subscapular, Biceps, Iliac crest, lateral abdomen, Abdomen, Front thigh, Medial calf, Elbow diameter, knee diameter, arm girth relax, arm girth flex, fore arm girth, waist girth, gluteus girth, thigh girth and calf girth were selected as a anthropometrical variables for this study. The collected data was statistically analysed by using analysis of variance. The scheffe’s test was used as a post hoc test to determine which of the paired mean differ significantly. The result reveals that there was significant differences between the playing position on the following variables namely body height, body weight, palm span, palm length, sub scapularis, triceps, biceps, lateral abdomen, abdomen, iliac crest, front thigh, mid calf, elbow diameter, arm girth relax. Arm girth flex, fore arm girth, waist girth, gluteus girth, thigh girth, & calf girth is high in Midfielders. Defenders have greater value in the arm length, arm span and knee diameter followed by mid fielders and attackers.

English has become the common international language in the 21st Century. It is the language most frequently used to communicate by people who are not native speakers of the same language. Consequently, learning and using English is of a great importance nowadays (Wu and Marek, 2010). Language is still taught as a traditional classroom subject, similar to math or geography in countries where there is not population of native or English speakers. Technology, however, offers opportunities for people from other cultures to interact with each other. It can be beneficial to language learners if technology is incorporated into the classroom