Social Studies

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of instruction on the pragmatic use of Iranian learners on the speech act of request. The benefits of instruction on learners’ production and awareness of speech acts is well documented ( Alcón and Martínez-Flor, 2008). The subjects of this study were 40 upper- intermediate students at Arian Language Institute in Gorgan, Iran. They were learning English in an EFL context. The data were collected using discourse completion task (DCT) tests following Kasper and Dahl (1991: 9) formats. The data, then were rated using two native speakers. Hudson et al.’s (1995) rating scale was used to train the raters. In order to analyze the data t test was performed with mean level of students’ scores as dependent variable and instruction as a grouping variable. The findings revealed that Iranian learners performed significantly better in experimental group for speech act of request.

The aim of this study is to optimize or exploit the use of land in around the city of Jakarta (Jabodetabek) area with eight principles of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) namely walkable, cycle, connect, transit or public transport, shift & transit, mixed use development, and compact. This research is a literature study with more in-depth interviews, and a triangulation process. In-depth interviews are carried out with some resource persons from the transportation regulator. The result shows the very high need for TOD area around the new and existing transit stations which are served by a regular and efficient transit system.

It's normal. Human beings are social and interact with others. In addition, clothes have a lot of impact on the person who wears them and they can reveal a lot of things through the way they dress. But we may think less often of the good Lord, of the fact that our soul does not go without our soul. We also sometimes forget that our little comforts or our personal desires should not come before charity towards others or even the respect we owe ourselves, as creatures of God. Unfortunately, today's society emphasizes the false, ugly and indecent more than the true, the beautiful and the good, and this is what makes it difficult for many women to dress in a fashionable way. Really feminine and modest. Because the youth of tomorrow needs a model, a model to follow and imitate for the future and good functioning of our society.

This paper takes a look at Campus Radio Presentation World from analytical secondary data and observers discovery over a span of many years of professional radio broadcasting practice and offered different perspectives with recommendations for excellent presentations on Campus Radio.

The degree of violence in Nigeria’s Niger Delta has become endemic and are too far-reaching to be ignored: for the inhabitants of this area, there are constant environmental hazards and security threat, The study, therefore, examined the community relations strategies used by oil companies in managing the crises in the Niger Delta. The study population comprised the community relations units of oil companies in the Niger Delta (among which Shell, Chevron and Agip were selected) and the indigenes of Omoku and Obrikom communities in Rivers State and Eruemukohwarien, Tisun and Kolokolo communities in Delta State. Both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (key informant interview and focus group discussion) methods of data collection were employed. The respondents for the survey were randomly selected while those for the interviews and focus groups were purposively selected. The study established that conflicts between oil companies and host communities had serious implications for the two parties and that the community relations strategies adopted by the selected oil companies were not adequate in preventing and resolving conflicts in the Niger Delta. That was because there was a lacuna between the strategies the oil companies believed host communities preferred for conflict resolution and the ones actually preferred by those communities.The research, therefore, recommend that to reduce conflict between oil companies and host communities in the Niger Delta, companies should be mindful of conflict propelling factors identified by the respondents and stated in the work, they should improve on their community relations strategies in order to impress the community and most importantly, they should introduce grassroots approach to the implementation of their strategies.

In technology adoption in the educational field and school system, teacher training is imperative to increase success. In Guyana, indigenous Amerindian preservice teachers were found to lag in successful adoption. The study findings indicated that this demographic may need to prioritize acquiring the skills and overcome the technological barriers to better prepare learners beyond the classroom. Although internet access facilitates adoption, indigenous Amerindians in Guyana develop technology literacy skills and access educational resources, indigenous pre-service teachers have a low rate of technology adoption in the classroom. The purpose of this qualitative study is to discover the perceptions of indigenous Amerindian preservice teachers about the adoption of digital technology in the classroom. Rogers’s diffusion of innovation theory and David and Venkatesh technology of acceptance model constituted the underlying theoretical grounding, which served to understand indigenous Amerindian preservice teachers’ perceptions about the use of digital technology, perceived barriers, and the coping and adopting mechanism throughout their pedagogical practices. Ten indigenous Amerindian preservice teachers participated in this qualitative study. Semistructured, interviews were the primary data collection tool. Open coding was used to generate themes and analyze emergent coding. The findings showed that the rate of adoption of digital technology could accelerate if (a) training is strategic, (b) reduction of institutional barriers, and (c) professional practices are aligned for educational growth. This study may contribute knowledge to the advancement specific to the field of digital technology and pedagogical practices. The findings may have positive implications for the community at large in that professional development centers can improve skills that provide flexible learning for IAPT to integrate digital technology beyond the classroom. and serve as a catalyst to promote growth by capacity building.

In a professional human resource context, management practices refer to the employment acquisition and retention policies and strategies, implemented by organizations to improve organizational effectiveness and thereby improve institutional performance and quality. The limited studies on healthcare management practices in developing countries led to undertaking this study. The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore management practices that influence the employee output in terms of health worker performance, specific to the quality-of-care within the Dakar-Senegal region. The theory of performance was served as a theoretical lens. Two research questions principally guided this study: 1) how do healthcare workers describe management practices that affect healthcare worker performance in Senegal? 2) how do healthcare workers describe management practices that affect the quality-of-care in Senegal? The focus of this study was on clinicians in various healthcare organizations in the region. The research for this study included one-on-one interviews and a focus group. The frequency of repeated words or phrases from the primary qualitative data were used to categorize data into themes. The major themes that emerged from the data analysis were (a) willingness to communicate within the organization and work as a team in the workplace, (b) expanding the knowledge and training skills for positive organizational operations (c) restoring an effective organizational structure in promoting learning/growth, increase efficiency, quality, flexibility, and performance, (d)productivity, and organizational commitment are based on the leadership, (e) transparency and leadership must be maintained for effectiveness, and (f) lack of trust tends in reducing workers' capacity and creating discomfort. These themes clarified how management practices may influence healthcare worker performance and quality.

Educational management-which its brief definition is to advance and make learning easier in Education-is more related to human skill and in human skill the function of leadership and learning is to influence people and change their behavior. An education manager should focus his main attention to know the behavior and performance of human beings specially those people that he has lasting administrative communication with them. Educational managers by having awareness and cognition of behavioral sciences and come into conjunction with their peers, especially those who have a problem should have an effective and efficiently behavior with them improbable from emotional and interactive understanding like anger. Paying attention to the importance of human skill in succeeding managers, researcher decided to search on" Managers' Human Skill Assessment in Girls' Primary Schools from Teachers' Perspective in Esfahan City in 2010" and framed his research questions in relation to the objectives. Population for this research is all teachers and managers working in academic year 2010 in girls' primary schools in Esfahan City. Sample includes 40 teachers teaching in these schools by random sampling. This is a survey research and based on opinion poll. The tool for data collection was a questionnaire that researcher developed himself and includes 30 questions with five dimensions based on research hypotheses. In a pilot study obtained validity was 0/94. Findings of this research were analyzed by using ANOVA t test with df=39 and significant of level 0/05. And all hypotheses were verified in a significant of level. it means based on the opinion of all teachers, managers had necessary flexibility in their managerial performance. They had positive attitude to others and themselves. They had hearing ear and good relation with students' parents. Also they were able to use all employees' ability, capacity and specialty to solve school problem.

Between 1960 and 1991, few issues attracted Nigeria’s diplomatic attention than the obnoxious apartheid policy in South Africa. Apartheid was a policy consolidated by the white minority supremacist government in South Africa in 1948, which emphasized separate development among the races in the country. As Africa’s most populous nation, Nigeria considered her own independence as incomplete as long as the dehumanizing policy which treated Africans like sub-human beings was in vogue; hence, she was enthusiastically committed to its elimination. Nigeria devised workable diplomatic methods and strategies such as sanctions, boycott, threats, financial assistance and collaboration with the international community toward the actualization of the goal. Eventually, in 1990, Nelson Mandela, the symbol of African resistance and other political prisoners were released from prison and the apartheid machinery was reformed. In 1994, Mandela was inaugurated as the first black President, after winning a landslide victory in the first multi-coloured election in the country. However, in recent times, South Africa has been contending for the leadership of the African continent against Nigeria, instead of complimenting Nigeria’s leadership role on the continent, while some misguided South Africans have engaged in alleged xenophobic attacks against African nationals in South Africa, including Nigerians. The paper suggests that the two countries should cooperate rather than compete with each other and that South Africa should support Nigeria’s aspiration for a permanent seat at the United Nations as a reward for Nigeria’s support for her in the dark days of apartheid. This paper adopts a historical analytical method.

Education plays an illuminative role in the development of a country. It is widely acknowledged that quality education is the single most important instrument in enhancing human capabilities and achieving the desired goals. The major purpose of the study was to check out the quality of Primary education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The main objectives of the study were: To analyze the teaching methodologies used at Primary level. To check the appropriateness of curriculum at Primary level. To examine the physical facilities available at primary level. To analyze the evaluation and assessment system used at Primary level. To suggest some recommendation for the improvement of quality of education at Primary level. All the head teachers and teachers of the Primary schools of Southern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were the population of the study. The sample of the study was consisted of 100 head teachers (fifty male and fifty female) and 300 teachers (one hundred & fifty male and one hundred & fifty female). The study was survey type in nature. The researcher personally developed the questionnaire to collect the data. Collected data was tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted in the light of the objectives of the study. Statistical tools were used to analyze the data. In the light of conclusions it is recommended that curriculum at Primary level must be comprehensive. Examination and assessment system must be impartial and transparent. Computer facility also directly affects the quality, so it is recommended that this facility must be provided to all schools at primary level. Infrastructure also affects quality of education; it is recommended that proper physical facilities should be provided to the institutions on priority basis for quality education.