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The association between economic growth and financial development has been a wide-ranging subject of experiential research. The practical evidence suggests that there is a significant positive relationship between financial development and economic growth. The endogenous growth literature provides copious evidence that financial development is a key determinant of economic growth. Theory interconnects these two factors based on the logic that by reducing information, transaction, and monitoring costs, a well-developed financial system performs several critical functions to augment intermediation efficiency. The impact of financial development on economic growth is a controversial issue on both empirical and theoretical framework. Aegis et al (2007) classified this matter into four schools of thought. The first one is denoted as supply-leading view which was first analyzed by Schumpeter (1912) and John Hicks (1969). They noticed that the prosperity and evolution of the economies in certain countries were backed up by the capacity of financial systems to activate the productivity of the financial capital. Later on, Levine (1997) pointed out that the development of the financial sector, with its two components stock markets and institutions, plays a remarkable role in the economic growth. Cline (2010) argues that the improvement in the financial sector will lead to an enhancement of the various sectors of the economy. Besides, the endogenous growth literature is in line with this point of view and assumes that the government intervention in the financial system (such as high reserve requirement, interest rate ceilings, etc) has a negative impact on the economic growth. Financial market development is estimated by the effect of credit market development and stock market development on economic growth. The relationship between economic growth and financial development has been an Extensive subject of empirical research. The question is whether financial development Causes economic growth or reversely. The main objective of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between economic growth and financial development taking into Account the positive effect of industrial production index. This paper reviews, appraises, and critiques theoretical and empirical research on the connections between the operation of the financial system and economic growth. It describes the role of financial system development in economic growth at the macro level, both theoretically and empirically. It also describes briefly the relationship of corporate finance and firm performance. It finally concludes the review and presents some policy implications in view of the reviewed literature. Furthermore, theory and evidence imply that better developed financial systems ease external financing constraints facing firms, which illuminates one mechanism through which financial development influences economic growth. The paper highlights many areas needing additional research.

In thisarticle, The effects of migration on marginalization dimensions with an approach of sustainable development have been investigated. For this purpose, by reviewing the theoretical and empiricalliterature of migration andsustainable urban development andthe impacts ofmigration on creating marginalization and its relationship with mothercity and its suburbs,in order tounderstandandrecognizethemigrationandurban sustainability, by reviewing the quantitative and qualitativeindicators, (economic, social, environmental) factorshave beenexamined. The research is descriptive, analytical and inferential. Alsoqualitative and quantitativeindicatorshave been reviewed. 

Recently, due to increasing developments in the IT and communication sector, developing countries have improved their economic and social growth to reduce the gap between themselves and developed countries. In these circumstances, electronic commerce as a new field of commerce plays an important role in the advancement of developing countries. Customers in different countries with various cultures behave differently when faced with electronic commerce. Hence, cultural factors of electronic commerce users must be investigated in order to understand their different behaviour. The model of this research is based on Hofstede’s national culture and attempts to explore the effect of national culture covering individualism - collectivism and uncertainty avoidance in increasing the internet shopping adoption rate in Iran. The research method is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data are collected via questionnaires from 60 people in libraries and universities in Tehran. Also, the interview has been conducted with 15 people with different interests in online shopping. The collected data are analysed through descriptive statistics. “Pearson” is used to test the hypotheses of the study. The outcomes show that users with low uncertainty avoidance culture carry out online shopping more than users with high uncertainty avoidance culture in Iran. However, there is no significant difference in online shopping according to individualism and collectivism culture in Iran. Furthermore, the interaction between uncertainty avoidance and the individualism-collectivism culture is not significant with regard to online shopping.

In cloud storage, the server that stores the client’s data is not trusted. Users would like to check if their data has been tampered or deleted. Provable data possession is used for security by read the file for hash and later specifies its location to verify by applying message digest algorithm which results in generating hash code. Generated hash code is compare with the other hash code generated on different storage. Results showed that precompressed data’s that is the data which is designed by the precompressed technique has their difference in message digest present at local connection side and secure connection side at both secure and insecure server.

Banana pulp and peel were analysed for their major nutrient contents, phytochemical constituents namely phenol and flavanoid, antioxidant and anti-hemolytic activity. The selected variety was Sirumalai banana variety. The result revealed the presence of nutrient constituent comprising moisture (71.12±0.03% for pulp and 6.03±0.05% for peel); ash (06.57±0.07% for pulp and 08.52±0.01% for peel); Carbohydrate (41.82±0.09% for pulp and 25.31±0.04% for peel); protein (07.62±1.02% for pulp and 03.23±0.015% for peel); fat (11.91±0.28% for pulp and 0.986±0.02% for peel) and fiber (22.78±0.12% for pulp and 23.24±0.01% for peel). Phenol content of pulp and peel were found to be 0.98±0.09mg/g and 0.52±0.11mg/g respectively. Flavanoid content of pulp and peel were found to be 29.92±0.24 mg/g and 22.76±0.07 mg/g respectively. Antioxidant activity of the banana variety was analysed by DPPH and hydroxyl scavenging activity. DPPH scavenging percentage of pulp and peel was found to be 81.72±0.06% and 71.95±0.21%. Hydroxyl scavenging percentage of pulp and peel was found to be 70.04±0.13% and 58.98±0.17%. Percentage anti-hemolytic activity of Sirumalai pulp ranged from 31.18±0.01% to 76.22±0.16; peel ranged from 24.31±0.02% to 64.69±0.04% at a concentration of 100-500 mg/ml. The results revealed that banana pulp and peel consist of essential chemical constituents that have good antioxidant and anti-hemolytic activity.

We are very happy to announce that from 10th December 2014, Dr. Ramesh Kait has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Educational Psychology. Dr. Ramesh Kait currently working as Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Applications, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119. The appointment of Dr. Ramesh Kait as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 15th March 2014, Dr.Anil Kumar Tripathy has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Environmental Engineering and Engineering Chemistry. Dr.Anil Kumar Tripathy is currently working as Asst Professor at Department of Chemistry, GHITM Engineering College, Puri, India. The appointment of Dr.Anil Kumar Tripathy as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 2nd September 2014, Dr.Zafrul Allam has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Human Resource Management. Dr.Zafrul Allam currently working as Assistant Professor, Department of Human Resource Management, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The appointment of Dr.Zafrul Allam as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

The Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of 2-Methoxynaphthalene (2MN) have been measured. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, Infrared intensities and Raman activities have been calculated by using density functional theory calculation (B3LYP) with 6-311+G** basis set. Complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound were carried out using the observed FT-IR and FT-Raman. Simulated FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra for 2MN showed good agreement with the observed spectra. The stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions and the charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond (NBO) analysis. Further, density functional theory (DFT) combined with quantum chemical calculations to determine the first-order hyperpolarizability. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Electronic excitation energies, oscillator strength and nature of the respective excited states were calculated by the closed-shell singlet calculation method were also calculated for the molecule.

This study investigated the kind of beliefs Ghanaian Junior High School (JHS) mathematics teachers held about mathematical problem solving and how they integrate the beliefs in teaching mathematics. The sample of the study consisted of 97 JHS mathematics teachers in 71 JHS in Keta District of Volta Region. Data were collected in 2009/2010 academic year. Participants completed a survey composed of questionnaires and classroom observations which were carried out on five JHS mathematics teachers. The results of this study indicated that, in general, JHS mathematics teachers held positive beliefs about mathematical problem solving, which means that their beliefs were in line with the new approaches. However, the results revealed that they did not actually integrate their beliefs in the teaching of mathematics. In order to gradually challenge teachers’ negative beliefs about mathematical problem solving, suggestions have been made regarding adequate educational interventions.