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Research has found that active student engagement in classroom activities can enhance academic achievement, promote retention and application of knowledge. This study investigated the relationship between students’ engagement and facilitation in a student-centred learning environment. The study was conducted at the University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. 307 Vocational Education students formed the population, from where 174 were drawn to form the sample. The results of the study indicated that facilitation is positively related to students’ engagement. It was concluded that facilitative learning environment is positively related to student engagement as quality instruction mediates students’ engagement.

We are very happy to announce that from 24th May 2013, Mr. Galani Yamdeu Joseph Hubert has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Biochemistry. Mr. Galani Yamdeu Joseph Hubert is currently working as Department of Biochemistry, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110, Gujarat State, India. The appointment of Mr. Galani Yamdeu Joseph Hubert as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 9th December 2013, Mr. Mehsin Jabel Atteya has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mathematics. Mr. Mehsin Jabel Atteya is currently working as Assistant Professor in Department of Mathematics, Al- Mustansiriyah University, College of Education, Baghdad, Iraq. The appointment of Mr. Mehsin Jabel Atteya as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 1st December 2015, Mr.V.Ragavendran has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Physics. The appointment of Mr.V.Ragavendran as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

The nutrient and anti- nutrient compositions of the raw and cooked species of Cucurbita maxima fruit consumed in the eastern part of Nigeria were determined. The proximate compositions of the fruit samples showed that the fruit was high in moisture (87.1±0.38%) but low in protein (1.87±0.1%), fat (0.8±0.62%) and carbohydrate (3.96±0.17%). The low fat and protein contents appear to be a common feature of the fruits of the Cucurbitacae family. The fruit of C. maxima sample was found to be poor in the mineral elements. However, it had higher values of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus but very low values of potassium and sodium. The compositions of the mineral elements were also reduced after boiling. The fruit sample had low values of vitamins A (42.39±1.05 mg/100g), E (14.25±0.18 mg/100g) and C (25.67±1.27 mg/100g). Vitamins A and E were not significantly affected by boiling. The fruit sample was found to be rich in some phytochemicals with established medicinal values as well as some anti-nutrients (tannins, HCN and oxalates). However, boiling which is a normal food preparation technique was found to be able to reduce these anti-nutrients to safe levels.

Today, multi-stage compressors serve in many industry branches. The multi-stage compressor design is primarily focused on storage or process conditions. Outside of the guaranteed time that the compressor manufacturer ensures, material fatigue and other mechanical problems that occur during process cause off-design operation of compressors. In this study, the relative Mach number in the discharge and inducer, including the non-dimensional mass flow rate are studied and compared with appropriate available theory.

Produced water represents more than 80% of the volume of waste generated by activities in the oil and gas industry. This is an enormous waste and should be handled and disposed of in a manner that should avoid negative environmental consequences. This paper details laboratory analysis for the removal of some of the harmful chemical and physical properties. Produced water was collected from A-field in the Niger Delta using 250 ml sterile sample bottle. At the end of the analysis, results show that removal of these harmful properties is dependent on the type of treatment proffer as the individual properties have different characteristics of the produced water quality and its origin. Compounds such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, phenols, and other chemical product which are used to facilitate petroleum production recovery contribute to oilfield water pollution.

We are very happy to announce that from 1st April 2016, Prof. Krupal Prabhakar Pawar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mechanical Engineering. Prof. Krupal Prabhakar Pawar working as Assistant Professor, Sharadchandra Pawar College of Engineering, Pune. The appointment of Prof. Krupal Prabhakar Pawar as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

This article makes comprehensive literature review and analysis on various scientific experiments and research about the role of age in foreign language learning. Additionally the introduction and analysis of “Critical Period Hypothesis” and its relevant research in second language acquisition has been presented in order to put forward some scientific implications for foreign language learning and instruciton in the context of China.

Now a day’s Security is the main thing. In this paper we focus on distance measures applied to ensure the security of the separate sensitive information. Protecting data security is an key issue in data distribution. Security maintains system in data mining using distance measure techniques typically aim to protect separate security, with minimal impact on the quality of the released data. Now a days, a few of models are proposed to ensure the security protecting and/or to reduce the information loss as much as possible. i.e., they further improve the flexibility of the anonymous strategy to make it more closeness to reality, and then to meet the diverse needs of the people. Different proposals and algorithms have been designed for them at the same time. In this scenario we provide a survey of distance measure techniques for security preserving. We discuss the distance measure methods, the major achievement ways and the strategies of distance measure algorithms, and summarize their advantage and disadvantage. Then we give a demonstration of the work finished. Finally conclude further research directions of distance measure techniques by analyzing the existing work.