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This study investigated how the exploitation of wetlands, locally known as dambos, changes their vegetation composition, soil properties and how that in-turn affects the water quality. We therefore compared diversity and soil conditions between a protected (Madikane) and exploited (Dufuya) dambo impacted by communal agriculture and grazing in Lower Gweru, Zimbabwe. Species diversity was higher in Madikane (H’ = 2.52) than Dufuya (H’ = 2.14). Species that were present in Madikane indicated a permanent or semi-permanent wetness compared to species tolerant to arid conditions, reflecting disturbance in Dufuya. Dambo utilization also indicated a change in dominance from perennials to annuals and an increase in exotic species. There was no significant difference in the physical structure of the soil between the rather pristine and exploited sites (% clay and % silt, p > 0.05). A significant difference was recorded in the chemical properties of the soil (pH, phosphorus, nitrate-N, ammonium-N and organic carbon content). Water quality was good in the protected dambo than the exploited dambo as indicated by the differences in calcium ions and conductivity. The protection of wetlands is shown to be important in conserving biological diversity.

The present workflow was designed to identify potential inhibitors for HIV-1 protease that is essential for the life-cycle of HIV. The in silico binding affinities of existing inhibitors namely Atazanavir and Ritonavir were compared using Glide module in Schrodinger suit 2013. Atazanavir was found to have the highest affinity towards HIV-1 protease. The structure based virtual screening on the basis of the binding modes of best inhibitor (Atazanavir) was performed and best scoring hits were identified.

In this paper ,We introduced a novel method DS-CDMA based watermarking scheme on the basis of orthogonal pseudorandom sequence subspace projection, In this paper a new idea to eliminate the correlation between the code sequences and the host images in the watermark extraction phase, and in watermarking scheme improve the hiding capacity of message sequence. In our proposed scheme implements the steps and performance checking under different attacks by a series of experiments. The results observe the Host image under different attacks and show the higher robustness and achieve the high capacity to hide the data. In our proposed scheme implements the steps and performance testing under different attack conditions by a series of experiments. The experimental results observe the Host image under different attacks and show the higher robustness and increase the message capacity and achieve the high capacity to hide the data.

In sensor network many protocols have been developed for the purpose of confidentiality, contextual information, providing security for the content of message and transferred over network .It become a complex session for sensor network (ie, locating target objects in monitoring application, as well as protecting information). There have been several recent works on location privacy. It will be concise for the adversary and can capture only network-traffic in small area. The proposing system is the location privacy in large sensor networks. The antagonist model, global eavesdropper has become real and vanquishes existing techniques. We also propose two techniques that protect the information: recurrent location and provenance bluff. It provides a extreme level of location privacy while the other provides trade-off between privacy, cost for communication, latency. The squander view method is used to monitor the attacker within a small time of sequence. These techniques are efficient and effective in sheltering location information from attacker.

Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is important tomato pathogen throughout the world, causing severe economic losses. The lower leaves of the potato plant usually turn yellow and die. One or more branches may exhibit such symptoms. The fungus can survive in the soil indefinitely even when no tomatoes are grown. In the experimental study, isolation, radial growth and sporulation of pathogen taken into consideration on different culture, temperature and pH ranges. The result shown that Potato dextrose agar medium was found to be most suitable medium for the growth and sporulation of Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and showed an average of 72.00mm of growth after 7 days of incubation at 28 ± 320C, closely followed by Czapek’s (dox) agar medium, Corn meal agar medium and Richard’s agar medium showed 69.34mm, 63.00mm and 61.34mm of growth respectively. It is observed that 300C was the optimum temperature for the maximum growth and sporulation of the pathogen followed by 250C respectively. Pathogen grew over a wide range of pH from 2.5 to 6.5 but the maximum growth and excellent sporulation was recorded at pH 5.5 followed by 6.5.

Present study was undertaken to find out the influence of different cultivation forms of mulberry variety BM-3 on leaf nutrition, yield and economic traits of silkworm. Leaf harvested from High Bush and Bush contains higher amount of Moisture 70.48%, 69.77% compare to Low-cut and Tree. Bush also contains high crude protein and minerals, 21.25 and 8.95 respectively compare to high bush, low-cut and tree. Nine yield contributing characters were evaluated and all shown significant difference among each other except 10 leaf weight per plant at p<0.05 with Duncan multiple range test. Shell ratio for low cut and tree was highly significant at p<0.01 similarly raw silk percentage was also found highest for tree (30.26) and second highest for low-cut (30.22). It can be suggested that Mulberry leaf from Bush and High Bush cultivation form is suitable for young age silkworm and leaves from Low-cut and Tree is suitable for late age silkworm.

Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) has become a framework for exploring what teachers need to know or to develop for effective teaching. Physics teachers’ PCK includes five components. In this study, the self-made “Questionnaire of Physics Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge” was used. The quantitative responses were compiled and analyzed by SPSS. The results indicated that the physics teachers’ level of PCK is on the intermediate and many factors help physics teachers to develop their PCK.

The marine micro organisms are the store house of a wide variety of biologically active products. Among the vast population of microorganisms which include algae, bacteria, actinomycetes etc., marine fungi are considered as the most useful microorganisms in biotechnology field. The marine environment conditions the micro flora to generate metabolites that have antimicrobial qualities as a self- defending mechanism. The objective of this paper was to isolate the Zinc resistant fungal strains from marine samples like wood , seashore sand , sea water and wooden boat and identify the isolated cultures morphologically till the genus level. The antimicrobial compounds were extracted using different organic solvents and their antibacterial activity was cheked on the selected pathogenic bacteria at different varying concentration. A confirmatory test was performed for each test organism in their selective media. The fungal cultures were found to belong to the genus Aspergillus, Mucor and Fusarium. The extracts of hexane and chloroform on mucor showed very good activity on E.coli while average activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia and least activity in S. aureus cultures was found.

This paper presents the model which is developed for single and coupled microstripline structure for both the even and odd-mode of propagation of waves. Most important and common models are: Conformal transformation model, coupled analysis model, hybrid analysis model, numerical analysis by relaxation model, even and odd-mode models, which is the outcome of the coupled line model. H.A. Wheeler derived the characteristic impedance and propagation parameters. Numerical methods are adopted by Stenelhalfer and Sylvester based on pure TEM-mode, Quasi-TEM mode and Non-TEM mode

This paper aim to discuss the preliminary study of modelling algorithm setting of Stochastic Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) using R statistical software. The ground level ozone (O3) concentrations from a Malaysia’s air quality monitoring station was used as a case study. The new approach; BRT developed by Friedman (2001), Friedman (2002) and adopted by Yahaya (2013) in air pollution studies. BRT is differ substantially from traditional regression-based approaches. BRT are constructed of multiple regressions models which finally produce a single ‘best iteration’ model to optimize prediction performance. Sensitivity testing of model been carried out to determine the best parameters’ setting which are number of trees (nt) (1000-10000), learning rates (lr) (0.005-0.5), and interaction depth (tc) (1-10) to suits the ozone data. Results indicated that the BRT analysis algorithm best modeled with the best combination of parameters lr=0.001, tc=5 and nt=5301 that achieves minimum predictive error (minimum error for predictions). The algorithm model would crucially best provided clear benefit for air pollution study and their ability to model complex variable interactions and non-linear effects.