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The diversity of knowledge on the web has made determining communication patterns in the database and knowledge discovery among this mass of information an attractive target. The first step to achieve this goal is to classify web pages. The current machine learning techniques to classify content are initially discussed by flat and simple text documents and do not use structures such as links and headers discussed in the web optimally. Data mining is a set of techniques that allows a person to move beyond conventional data processing and help mining the information hidden in a massive volume of data. Today, in most organizations, data are collected and stored rapidly. However, using these data is not simple and they cannot be used as a single unit of the volume of data, so techniques they can be applied properly using a combination of statistics and computer science and the use of machine learning. However, in order to achieve a meaningful result of Web mining we need to have good data on our website, so effective management of Web data is crucial in web mining. The ultimate goal of this descriptive paper is that the organizations and small businesses could use data mining in their decisions and e-commerce as a future big business would enter into new future areas. There is a wide range of users considered for this technology, including for example research centers, companies operating in the field of web and database, analysts and managers of organizations, business, Web (search engines) and …

In Single Sign On (SSO) Systems clients are allowed to login into multiple websites using a single user id and password. In that case single sign on data distributor has given sensitive data to a set of supposedly trusted agents (third parties). Some of the data are leaked and found in an unauthorized place (e.g. on the web). The distributor must assess the likely hood that the leaked data came from one or more agents, as opposed to having been independently gathered by other means. This paper presents a novel approach for data allocation strategies (across the agents) that improve the probability of identifying leakages of user profile information’s. In some cases, we can also inject “realistic but fake” data records to further improve our chances of detecting leakage and identifying the guilty party.

Household Investment into energy efficient light bulbs is low in Nigeria despite its proven benefits. This paper seeks to examine the factors determining the decision of households to invest in Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) and Incandescent bulbs. A multinomial logit model was used to estimate these determinants among 1,253 households in Kosofe and Ikorodu Local Government Areas of Lagos State. The model shows that household decision to invest in energy efficient CFLs is determined by factors such as household income, education level of the household head, presence of a technically skilled person in the household, use of prepaid meter, formally employed household head and male household head. Households that reside in tenement buildings are found to be less likely to invest in CFLs for lighting and number of bulbs in apartment was also found to reduce the odd in favour of investment in energy efficient bulbs. Awareness of energy saving benefits as a factor predicting investment was though found to increase the likelihood of investment in CFLs but not statistically significant. The paper recommends the promotion of energy efficient light bulbs in old buildings as recently built houses have been observed to be using them.

We are very happy to announce that from 28th January 2013, Dr. Ranjan Upadhyaya has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Marketing Management. Dr. Ranjan Upadhyaya is currently working as Professor Analytic & Acting Director for BABM curriculum for Cardiff Metropolitan University, London, U.K. The appointment of Dr. Ranjan Upadhyaya as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 11th November 2013, Dr. Talaghir Laurentiu-Gabriel has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Physical Education and Sport Economics. Dr. Talaghir Laurentiu-Gabriel is currently working as University Lecturer, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Garii Street, No. 62-64, Galati, Romania. The appointment of Dr. Talaghir Laurentiu-Gabriel as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

Shea butter is a vegetable fat of nutritional importance. This research work investigated on some minerals, vitamins, phytate and oxalate profiles of shea butters from fried, toasted, boiled and parboiled shea kernels. Minerals, vitamins and phytate and oxalate profiles of the shea butters were determined using standard methods. The method of heat treatment significantly influenced their distribution. Shea butters are minor sources of calcium (2.2×10-3 to 9.5×10-3mg/kg), magnesium (0.8×10-3 to7.9×10-3mg/kg), sodium (0.1×10-3 to 2.4×10-3mg/kg) and potassium (0.9×10-3 to 3.3×10-3mg/kg). The heat treatment methods did not destroy phytates and oxalates of shea butter. The shea butters have good arrays of vitamins.

Salinity is one of the increasing problems in the world including a wide area of our country. In response to salinity, multiple morphological, physiological and biochemical changes can be created in plants. In this study, Seedlings of Dracocephalum moldavica were subjected to 0, 20, 50, 70 and 100 mM NaCl. Changes in morphological traits, proline content, total phenol and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in shoot were evaluated. As a result, POX and PPO activities in shoot significantly increased while shoot dry weight decreased progressively. The total amount of the phenolic and free proline also increased after the NaCl treatment. The increase was dose-dependent. The highest amount of free proline achived at 100 mM NaCl which was about 3-fold higher than control in shoot, respectively. higher than control. Our results support the idea that the activities of POX and PPO and accumulation of total phenol and proline is associated with salt tolerance as oxidative responses.

Employee retention involves taking measures to encourage employees to remain in the organization for the maximum period of time. Corporate is facing a lot of problems in employee retention these days. Hiring knowledgeable people for the job is essential for an employer. But retention is even more important than hiring. There is no dearth of opportunities for a talented person. There are many organizations which are looking for such employees. If a person is not satisfied the job he/ she is ding, he/she may switch over to some other more suitable job. In today’s environment it becomes very important for organizations to retain their employees. Employee retention has become a major concern for corporate in the current scenario. Individuals once being trained have a tendency to move to other organizations for better prospects. Attractive salary, comfortable timings, better ambience, growth prospects are some of the factors which prompt and employee to look for a change. Whenever talented employees express his willingness move on, it is the responsibility of the management and the human resource team to intervene immediately and find out the exact reason leading to the decision.

The purposes of this study is analyzing energy consumption and investigational the influences of energy inputs and forms on yield of greenhouse cucumber production in Lorestan and Markazi provinces. Data used in this study were obtained from 64 greenhouses randomly during one period of plant cultivation season in 2011-2012. The total energy input of 1070966.3 MJ ha^-1 was required for cucumber production. The portion of fuel by 78.4 % of the total input energy was the highest energy input. The energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy gain were found as 0.14, 5.67 MJ kg^-1, 0.176 kg/MJ and -919867.9 MJ ha^-1, respectively, that indicated inefficient use of energy. The economic model estimation revealed that the impact of, human labor, fertilizer and chemical energy inputs that significantly showed a positive effect on yield that mean increase in quality of these inputs causes yield increases significantly. The results of sensitivity analysis of the energy inputs showed that the highest the MPP value of human labour. Econometric analysis indication of the benefit–cost ratio was estimated as 1.86

Cookies are one of the best known quick snack products. Cookies play important role in human diet since these contain naturally high amounts of valuable nutrients like soluble fibers, carbohydrates, proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, etc. In the present study, the cookies samples were analyzed for their physicochemical properties, proximate composition and microbial load and were compared with each other. The results revealed that there was significant difference in the proximate composition between the samples with respect to each other at p>0.05. No significant difference was observed in most of the determined physicochemical properties of the samples. Moreover, the microbial load of the samples was found to be in acceptable range. Hence the study ascertains that the sensory qualities may be similar as there was very slight change in the physicochemical characteristic and which are acceptable for everyone.