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The paper reports key issues associated with the used of leaded gasoline (petrol) in Nigeria. While many global countries have indicated strong commitment for a shift to most suitable and environmentally sustainable gasoline upgrading option (i.e hydroisomerisation), addition of 0.6-0.74 g/L of tetraethyl lead remain the only upgrading option given priority in Nigeria, due to government negligence. Millions of people have suffered from various associated illness with numerous number of deaths, especially in young children below the age of seven. The soils, foods and waters are severely polluted in the major trafficking communities. The availability of favorable factors such as adequate infrastructure and capital for hydroisomerisation in the country indicated the process to be a long overdue process that was neglected due to poor government concern and serious corruption problem in the energy industry. It is therefore recommended here that the public should put the issue in the fore front of the current protest for lucrative workers’ salary.

Most of the attacks on web application occurs by hits and trial methods, analysis of previous methods, misguiding users etc. User’s are intelligent but could see only, that, which are visible. Internal configuration or working are hidden by the user, even by designer also, because web application has to cross various platforms, architectures and layers each having their own pattern or procedure, various web attacking classe are acting on web ,out of which phishing attack class has been discussed and which is the most threatening way to misguide user, Here Phishing attack has been discussed from where attacker generates exact replica of original site to get username and password.

Comparative photochemical and proximate composition of unfermented and fermented walnut kernel and walnut shell of (Tetracarpodium conophoroum) were carried out using Aspergillus niger to facilitate fermentation. Photochemical and proximate analysis was carried out based on [AOAC standard official methods of analysis of association of analytical chemist 13th edition Washington]. Values obtained for fermented kernels as against unfermented kernel at 95% confidence level was: unfermented kernel: Ash (4.00 0.02), moisture (7.00 0.02), protein (26.30 , crude fibre (6.81 fat (4.61 and CHO (51.27 . unfermented kernel: moisture (5.00 , protein (24.06 ash (4.70 , crude fibre (6.69 , fat (5.04 dry matter (95.00 , and CHO (54.19 the result obtained for the walnut shell was: fermented shell: Moisture (12.00 , Protein (1.52 , Ash (2.06 , Crude fibre (15.90 , Fat (0.61 , Dry matter (88.00 , and CHO (64.47 . for the unfermented shell; Moisture (10.00 , Protein (1.06 , Ash (1.50 , Crude fibre (16.13 , Dry matter (90.00 , Fat (0.90 , and CHO (71.77 . The result obtained showed that fermentation reduces the photochemical in the kernel and enhance the level of bio nutrient majorly protein and Crude fibre. Reducing sugar and alkaloid were completely eliminated through fermentation; this provides an appreciable development in medical and pharmaceutical research.

The phytochemical analysis of mechanically extracted castor (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil (CSO) was carried out using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GCMS). A total of seven compounds {oleic acid (54.97%), stearic acid (16.53%), palmitic (10.35%), ricinoleic (9.61%), squalene (3.17%), palmitin, 1, 3-di- (3%) and octadecanoic acid (2.37%) } were identified from the spectra. The ability of CSO to protect bambara groundnut seed against Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius was also evaluated under laboratory conditions (26±2°C temperature and 75±5% relative humidity). Percentage repellency was concentration-depedendent, with 13.07% observed in the control being significantly (p<0.05) lower than percentage repellency observed in other treatments. Contact toxicity increased with exposure period. At 2 hours after treatment (HAT), mortality of C. maculatus was significantly higher (p<0.05) at 1.0µl/ beetle than the control. When CSO was applied at 0.5 µl/ beetle, the LT50 value was 0.59 (0.25-0.83) h. Percentage mortality of C. maculatus in bambara groundnut treated with CSO increased with concentration. The LD50 against C. maculatus was 0.14 (0.05-0.22) µl per 50 grams seeds. Application of CSO at the rate of 0.7- 1.5 µl per 50 g bambara groundnut seed gave significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage oviposition inhibition rate than what were obtained in methanol-treated and untreated controls. Percentage seed damage (4.74%) observed in 1.5 µl/ 50 g was significantly (p<0.05) lower than 15.26 and 17.66 % observed in methanol-treated and untreated control respectively. The results obtained indicate that CSO could be used to control Callosobruchus maculatus in stored bambara groundnut.

Platelets play important physiological role in blood and participate primarily in thrombosis and hemostasis. However, they are highly activated in case of obesity and therefore contribute to the thrombosis and hemostasis. Obesity and MtS result into the thrombosis and hemostasis. Thus this work studies about how these adipokines and cytokines affect the platelets activity in obesity could help us in developing precise intervention to counter the obesity related vascular insufficiency.

Present study aims to find out the prevalence of hypotension and hypertension among Bengalee adult males and females of Midnapore, West Bengal, India. A multistage sampling technique was used by a house-to-house survey among 498 (Male=344, Female=154) adult individuals. It was evident from the present result that hypertensive cases were found to be more frequent among males with respect to Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure DBP. However, hypotensive cases were found to be more frequent among females, only in DBP. Furthermore, age seems to be a potential risk factor for the development of hypertension in the studied population.

Fourier-Mellin transform has many properties such as linearity, scaling, shifting, differentiation property etc. Mainly linearity and shifting property is used for image registration in medical field. Due to such properties transform has many applications like visual odometry, detection of human face, the comparison of plant leaves which is based on Fourier-Mellin transform.In present work we discussed about linearity, scaling, shifting, differentiation, first shifting property of two-dimensional fractional Fourier-Mellin Transform.

Proximate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compositions were analyzed in raw and smoked samples of two exotic fish species; mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) obtained from a local market in Umuahia, Nigeria. The fish were procured in triplicate and split into two equal parts. One part was analyzed raw while the other was smoked with firewood before analysis. Moisture content was higher in the raw samples compared to their corresponding smoked samples. Crude protein was higher in horse mackerel samples for both raw and smoked categories while other parameters were generally higher in mackerel. Horse mackerel had the higher value of 44.784 mg/kg for total mean PAH (?mPAH) but PAH4 (sum of the four indicators of PAH contamination; benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and chrysene) was similar in raw mackerel and horse mackerel. Mean BaP concentrations were higher than the EU limits (2 µg/kg) while PAH4 values were within the EU limit (12 µg/kg) in raw samples of both species. For the smoked samples, Mean BaP concentrations and mean PAH4 exceeded the EU maximum limits in the muscle of smoked fish and public health authorities are urged to take appropriate action.

This study was conducted to determine the proximate composition as well as the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Mn, As, Zn, and Cd in the muscles, liver and gizzards of chicken consumed in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Proximate analysis was done on the different parts of chicken using standard methods and the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Mn, As, Zn, and Cd were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean levels of trace metals were ranged between 0.210±0.014-0.268±0.014mg/kg for Pb; 0.342±0.017-0.437±0.033mg/kg for Ni; 0.483±0.221-0.518±0.025mg/kg for Mn; 0.030±0.025-0.048±0.002mg/kg for As; 2.567±0.025-2.981±0.06mg/kg for Zn; and 0.024±0.04-0.17±0.025mg/kg for Cd. The mean moisture contents of various parts were 67.03±0.03, 66.0±0.002 and 67.23±0.004% for muscle, liver and gizzard respectively. The protein content ranged from 26.22±0.005 -28.35±0.03%; 1.32±0.05-1.23±0.121% for ash; and 0.91±0.01-1.11±0.111% for fat. The results indicated that chicken meat in this study were rich sources of nutrients. The concentrations of trace metals in this study were below tolerance limits except Pb, which was slightly higher than the WHO/FAO permissible limit. Therefore, it can be concluded that chicken meat in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State has a high nutritional value and it is safe for human consumption.

The development and maintenance of user interface software is surely a challenging task. Organizations who use secured authentication system tolerate no leakage. Cryptographic primitives are useful tools but security of these primitives does not guarantee security of the system. Using patterns for authentication is a system that provides patterns as passwords to the users. Users tend to choose their passwords through random art generation which can be captured by malicious users by video capturing or photo clicking. In lieu of the traditional password based system, several attempts had been reported in literature about authentication schemes which are successful in increasing the strength of the system against some of the known attacks. In this paper, Random Pattern based Flexible User Interface for an effective Secured Authentication Protocol (SAP-RP) is presented. With iterations of random patterns, the users enter different passwords (which are based on the original images selected by them) for every login attempt that is converted to hashed value. It is compared with registered hashed value stored in the database which ensures confidentiality and authentication in the network plane using server and flexible user interface based authentication mechanism.