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Present paper studies the operational behavior of major part assembly system of an automobile incorporating human error. The system consists of eight main units namely: Engine, transmission, fuel supply system, fuel ignition system, exhaust system, cooling system, brake system and build. The whole system can fail due to failure of any of the units. The system satisfies the usual conditions like perfect repair, joint distributions etc. Each operative unit has a constant failure rate but a general repair time distribution. We transform the basic equation into integro differential equation and outline the solution procedure for a repair time distribution with Laplace transform. The transitional state probabilities, asymptotic behaviour and some characteristics such as reliability, availability, MTTF and the cost effectiveness of the system have been obtained using a time dependent version of the supplementary variable method and Gumble-Hougaard copula methodology. At last, some particular cases and numerical examples have been taken to describe the model.

Bulk single crystal of L-Valinium picrate (LVP) was successfully grown from aqueous solution by Sankaranarayanan -Ramasamy (SR) unidirectional growth method with dimensions of 12 mm diameter and 75 mm length. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and powder XRD analysis have been carried out to confirm the structure and perfection of the crystal. The optical absorption window and the cutoff wavelength of the LVP have been identified by UV–Vis–NIR studies. Photoluminescence studies indicate that the grown crystal has a green fluorescence emission. The mechanical asset of the grown crystal has been studied using Vicker’s microhardness tester. Dielectric studies have been carried out for the grown crystal and the results were discussed in detail.

Travelling salesman problem is an NP complete problem and can be solved using approximation algorithms. It is a minimization problem starting and finishing at a specified vertex after having visited every other vertex exactly once. Often, the model is a complete graph. An algorithm that returns near-optimal solutions is called approximation algorithms. Through analyzing the Metric TSP, the performance of the approximation algorithm can be improved significantly using parallelization that implements a program to find a path with approximately minimum travelling cost through parallel depth-first search and the result can be verified using graphical analysis of spanning trees.

The performance of the Barekese Water treatment plant situated near Kumasi in Ghana has been evaluated. The raw water that feeds the plant was found to be weakly acidic (pH6.3), high in turbidity (4.8 NTU) and high in iron content (2.7 mg/L). The values however reduced tremendously in the final treated water. With the exception of acidity which decreased only marginally (pH6.4), turbidity decreased to 0.8 NTU and the concentration of iron was below the detection limit. The results of the study suggest the water treatment plant performed well in terms of reducing the levels of some other contaminants to levels below the WHO guideline limits. The water treatment plant was also able to reduce the faecal coliform levels to zero which is within the WHO permissible limits

This paper reviews the roles of the various stakeholders in MSWM in Ghana. The policy and the legislative framework as well as the various institutions responsible for ensuring MSWM are discussed. Suggestion to improve the MSWM in Ghana is also outlined.

Precious metals doped anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used in various applications including environmental photocatalysis and solar cells. In this work we present the synthesis of Au- doped and Pt-doped TiO2 nanoparticles employing sol-gel methodology. The doping procedures based either on UV photodeposition (UV-PD). The morphology, composition, particle size and specific surface area of these synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized using several instrumental techniques namely, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory. Au impregnated (2%) nano anatase TiO2 powder was examined in photo decolourization of Orange G as dye environmental pollutant under visible light illumination and optimum operational conditions.

It is been a long “Time” ,it is usually the most story’s of fairy tales started and also the second most important word is “ago” all these words which give as implication of past are related to Time, in our teachings, we learn History a lot, we learn about Mohan-ja-dare, but never seen its site, don’t we known that it is the most important part of Indus Valley civilization. In the coming years, we may not be able to see it’ ,learn about it & understand the first architecture of sanitation and hygiene gifted by our own dynastic people, therefore we must protect these site’s & try to teach more about them as these site are aspiration for young Indians to make economic cost technology for future. In the coming of ages the problem remained how to remember things and also how to preserve ,make available to our coming generations at last. Hence forth we require more wide ,simple approach to understand this. We propose a need for augmentation, we call it as augmented room .In this paper we have studied conceptual of Augmentation and observed that how Augmentation “a mixed real-virtual environment technology” will help us reach our goal. Our major aim is to prevent these monuments for our future generations so that next generation will learn and live with it. Making it possible through augmented room. This paper gives introduction to new kind of perseverance of heritage site and new transit to technology.

Purpose: Halitosis is defined as an unpleasant odor that emanates from the oral cavity with intra–oral and/or extra–oral origins. The present study assessed factors influenced halitosis using different diagnostic modalities. Methods: 360 patients who attended shiraz dentistry school participate in this study. A total of 100patients aged 10-56years old included 58women& 42men complained of chronic halitosis. Organoleptic assessment was used to measure intensity of halitosis. The patients were divided into 6 groups according to their age & educational levels. Descriptive analysis was carried out regarding the degree of halitosis in each group. The chi-square test was used for the comparison between groups. Result: prevalence of halitosis was 27.8% of all subjects. Halitosis was multi factorial in this group & more than one factor could be seen in these patients. Dental caries was the most common cause of halitosis(62%) followed by periodontal disease (55%), highly protein diet (28%),smoking(13%) , inadequate root canal therapy & filling(12%) xerostomia(9%), Pseudo-halitosis(6% ) ,sinusitis & nasal polyp(4%),constipation & gastric reflux (4%) hormonal factors (%4) medication(4%) dentures(2%).there was no significant correlation between patients age , sex &educational level with halitosis(p=0.05). Conclusion: In this study, intra oral factors were the most common causes of halitosis. This problem can be prevented by appropriate dental care, suitable oral hygiene &increased public awareness.

Over the decade, the problems of national food nutrition and fibre crises have been on the increase and the ghost chasing the economy is no longer a figment of the imagination. The time has come for a definitive attack. This paper examined the economics of promoting increased food production through efficient inputs services and farm-rural infrastructures. The basic agricultural inputs for modernized commercial production are land, Labour, modern farm capital, water, climate, power and entrepreneurship, while basic infrastructures that promote agricultural production include rural, physical, social, institutional and farm facilities. These inputs and infrastructures interact, thus have competitive, complimentary supportive, joint effect and consequently; the economics of inputs-infrastructures promotion raises quantitative, management, organizational, institutional and costs return implications that merit substantial research efforts in the context of the atomistic population of small holder farmers in Nigeria. Although government may facilitates, stimulates and promotes growth of Agriculture food production programme, success must ultimately depend on the multitude of farm household. To secure food security for the teaming population, various motivated programmes (farm settlement) and the co-operationalized systems must be updated. Hence Inputs-land, Labour, capital, power and entrepreneurship must be earnest in a way to favour production and basic rural-farm infrastructures. Keywords: Food production, Input services, Rural infrastructures

Quality of work life is a large step forward from the traditional job design of scientific management which focused solely on specialization and efficiency for the performance of narrow tasks, adopting division of labour, rigid hierarchy, and standardization of labour to reach its objective of efficiency. Quality of work life can be defined as “The quality of relationship between employees and the total working environment”. Quality of work life is “The degree to which members of a work organization are able to satisfy important personnel needs through their experience in the organization”. “Happy employees could able to produce higher productivity. The happiness can be perceived only when the employees good satisfaction on the work load, working condition, relationship with peers, superiors and subordinates about the climate plays a crucial role to determine the level of job satisfaction. The present study is descriptive in nature, which includes surveys and fact findings enquiries of different kind. Both Primary and Secondary Data were collected in order to obtain the related information for this study. Sample size of this study was 100. The data thus collected through questionnaire were subdued into suitable tabular forms. For analyzing the data and interpretation, simple statistical tools like percentage, chi-square and Henry Garrot Ranking method were used. At last the findings, suggestions and conclusion were made for the improvement of quality of work life in the organization.