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Multi-hop Wireless Networks (MHWNs) are anticipated to play an important role at the edge of the Internet, enabling a large number of innovative applications. The great demand for capacity from a large number of users and applications, coupled with the sparse bandwidth available on the wireless channel, place particular emphasis on effective congestion management approaches. Effective and well-studied algorithms for congestion control at the transport layer exist in wired networks. However, for a number of reasons, these approaches do not translate directly to wireless environments. In this chapter, we first describe the problem of congestion control in MHWNs, and discuss approaches for solving it. The presentation is organized into two components: (1) a review of the causes of congestion and algorithms for congestion avoidance in MHWNs at different layers of protocol stack; and (2) a review of analytical models for the rate control problem and their use for congestion control.

In this paper a power and area efficient design of 32:1 tree type multiplexer has been designed by hybridizing GDI and PTL techniques. Multiplexer circuit using this technique consumes less power in comparison to the CMOS, TG and other logic design techniques. The proposed design consists of 63 NMOS and 31 PMOS. At 1.2 V power supply the proposed MUX design consumes 47.093 ?W power on BSIM-4 and 47.09 ?W power on LEVEL-3 with simulation length of 5n. The proposed multiplexer is designed and simulated using DSCH 3.1 and MICROWIND 3.1 on 180nm.

Solid rocket motors are produced in the form of segments which are used as boosters in the launch vehicles. To produce any rocket segment, hardwares are subjected to a series of operations. The rocket hardwares are thin cylindrical shells which are very sensitive to the externally applied loads. During production, a number of handling operations are essential. A suitable interface is to be generated to cater to the production operations. These requirements are met by connecting a circular ring called End Ring to the hardware using the available hardware interfaces. This paper deals with Design and Analysis of HES Dome Side End Ring for Head End Segment.

The goal of this study was to determine the customer satisfaction of Keshavarzi bank divided by services and customer classes, based on SERVQUAL model in four Keshavarzi bank branches in Kish Island. Research Methods and Procedures: In this study, descriptive correlation method is used and statistical society consists of all the customers of four branches of Keshavarzi bank in Kish Island which statistical samples were 384 persons based on Cochran unlimited society. Gathering tools for information analyzing in this work, were SERVQUAL (1988) standard expectation and customer perception Questionnaire with 20 validity and 0.75 reliability and the customer satisfaction questionnaire with 24 validity and 0.72 reliability. The results of this study showed there are a meaningful and significant relation between customer satisfaction with bank services (deposit and electronic) and building trust, reputation, accountability, tangible factors and empathy in all Keshavarzi bank branches in Kish Island. Conclusions: The order of importance effective components on customer satisfaction with electronic and deposit services in this research follows respectively, the organization reputation, building trust, tangible factors, accountability and empathy. Therefore it seems increasing the organizations reputation, building trust, caring to facilities and utilities and staff appearances, accountability and empathy are important variables to satisfy the customers in all branches of Keshavarzi bank in Kish Island.

Exciton binding energy is obtained in a Zn_xCd_1-xTe/ZnTe strained quantum dot taking into account the phonon confinement effect. The effect of mismatch between the dielectric constants of the dot and the barrier (dielectric mismatch effect) is taken into account in our calculation. The calculations include the effect of exciton and the LO phonon interaction is derived by the effective potential (V_PB) between the electron and hole along with the self energy term (E_self). It is observed that  the potential taking into account the effects of phonon makes the  exciton binding energies more than  the obtained results using a Coulomb potential screened by a static dielectric constant and the optical properties of exciton  in a quantum dot are strongly affected by the confining potential and the quantum size.

We are very happy to announce that from 21st February 2017, Dr.T.Suresh Padmanabhan has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The appointment of Dr.T.Suresh Padmanabhan as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

The environmental stable isotopic (oxygen-18 and hydrogen-2)  composition of groundwater  in the crystalline geological formation underlying the Accra Plains of South-east Ghana were studied to obtain information on the recharge process.  The groundwater had an average isotopic value of –3.19‰ ?¹⁸O and –14.36‰ ?²H. The groundwater recharge takes place in fractures with the occurrence of minor evaporation. The groundwater was also affected by the mixing of various rainfall events and or surface runoff. The groundwaters at Valley View University were more depleted than the other groundwaters in the Plains indicating that the groundwater was recharge at the Akwapim Togo Mountains through preferential channels.

Four Trichoderma species with known biocontrol activity (T. harzianum, T. hamantum, T. viride and T. virens) were tested for their efficacy against Cephalosporium acremonium, a causal organism of Black bundle disease in maize. Interactions between the fungi were assessed in vitro to study mutual antagonisms. Among the four bio-agents, T. hamantum proved to be promising which showed maximum inhibition (51.3%) followed by T. virens (45.2%), T. harzianum (44.6%) and T. viride (20.3%). T. hamantum was also found to be hyperparasite on C. acremonium whereas, T. harzianum and T. viride showed mycelial deformation. The volatile toxicants released by all the Trichoderma spp. were inferior in inhibiting the growth of C. acremonium when compared to the control as evident by inverted plate technique. The results of in vivo experiments confirmed the results from the in vitro study and showed that all the four bio-agents significantly reduced the disease incidence of Black bundle disease.

In the world, day to day increases consumption of energy with increase the production rate of automobile. With the current consumption rate if it has been quoted that there will be great shortage of petroleum products in upcoming decades. For this reason research is going on alternative fuels. It is better to develop the engine which can work on bio diesel and one can add methanol in the bio diesel and use the blends of that. For this purpose, it is necessary to check the performance characteristics of the blends with the conventional diesel fuels.In this investigation, rice bran methyl ester was used in four stroke, single cylinder variable compression ratio type diesel engine. Tests were carried out at different injection pressures with various blends of rice bran methyl ester. The results proved that the use of bio diesel (produced from rice bran oil) in compression ignition engine is a viable alternative to diesel.

Adjustment, in a wide sense joins the different techniques utilized for altering the properties of soil to enhance its building execution. An expansive piece of focal India and a bit of south India are secured with dark cotton soils. These have high PI values. Earth soil is generally utilized as a part of the greater part of the development ventures. Mud soils, especially delicate earth soils, have great plastic properties so that expanded dampness brings about their diminished shear quality, compressive quality and volume changes. Far reaching soil represents a genuine danger to overlaying structures because of high swell and psychologist. So we have to balance out those dirts. Lime and bond are the regularly utilized artificially added substances for soil adjustment. These are far reaching. So we require a characteristic added substance for adjustment. In this paper we utilized the eggshell powder and quarry tidy as squanders. The quarry tidy is utilized as a filling material and the eggshell powder is utilized as a fastener. Quarry clean is added to soil at 30% substitution of soil. Eggshell powder was added to the dirt at 5%, 10%, 15%. For the ideal condition The Specimens were cured for 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after which they were tried for unconfined Compressive tests and CBR. In view of results it can be inferred that the eggshell powder can be viably utilized as a fastener as a part of place of lime. The test outcomes so acquired and demonstrated that 10% of eggshell powder gives MDD at OMC. The expansion in CBR is least in dark cotton soils though quarry tidy and ideal measurements of eggshell powder is included under the utilization of enhanced quarry clean and eggshell powder demonstrates obvious results.