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Schistosomiasis is endemic in many countries affecting more than 200 million people worldwide mostly those living in rural and agricultural areas. A survey of the prevalence of schistosomiasis, its predisposing factors and snail host species was carried out in Zvishavane district, Zimbabwe, from March to November 2010. Prevalence of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis was determined from volunteers’ stools and urine using the Kato Katz technique. Predisposing factors to schistosomiasis were investigated through the use of questionnaires and field observations. Snail species responsible for the spread of the different schistosoma species in the district were determined by collecting snails from three major rivers; namely Runde, Ngezi and Manjere. A total of 250 patients (130 males and 120 females) participated in the study and a total of 168 were infected (67.2% schistosomiasis prevalence). This was despite the widespread knowledge (95% of the respondents knew about schistosomiasis) of the disease. S. haematobium prevalence was higher (60.4%) than S. mansoni prevalence (6.8%). Unsafe sources of drinking, washing and irrigation water like dams and rivers were to blame for the high incidence of schistosomiasis. Three snail species were collected; Bulinus globosus (12 individuals), Melanoides turberculata (9) and Bulinus tropicus (9) but only B.globosus shed cercariae.

In this work the antibacterial activity of several steroid derivatives (compounds 1, 2 and 3)againstE. coli,S. Typhi,K. pneumoniae and S. aureuswas performed according to NCCLS (now CLSI)²² with some modifications. The results indicate that compounds 1, 2 and 3 induce antibacterial activity against both K. pneumoniaeand S. Typhiin a dose-dependent way.In addition, the growth bacterial of E. coliwas inhibited in presence of the compound 2 and 3. These experimental data obtained in this study, suggest that antibacterial activity of steroid derivatives against to E. coli, K. pneumoniae, V. cholerae and S. tiphy may depend of chemical structure.

This paper is built upon studies of defining an aesthetic philosophy and criteria of Timeless architecture, and using it to enhance building effect on users. After an argument was made for the justification of the concepts manifested for a timeless architectural aesthetic over the continuation of the current paradigm. As principles of a timeless aesthetic architecture are established: that timelessness represents a practical philosophy, that timelessness serves as the concept generator in the design process, and that timeless architecture is universally specific to the constraints of its concepts and style. three case studies are thereby examined in relation to these principles as well as more qualitative and quantitative evaluation factors, and criteria for built environment. The objective hereby is to analyze the selected buildings [to determine presence of timelessness quality. The results is evaluated according to the table of analysis developed in the Comprehensive Theoretical Foundation that resulted in the set of criteria for timeless buildings. Thus, the buildings are subjected in a comparative analysis to the checklist produced in the study to prove whether its timelessness complies with the study or not.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia also known as arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy is one of the leading causes of arrhythmic cardiac arrest in young people and athletes, but is probably under diagnosed in the older population. The clinical course of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is characterized by the occurrence of arrhythmic events, which can cause sudden death, and the impairment of ventricular systolic function, which can lead to death from heart failure. Diagnosis has been facilitated by a set of clinically applicable criteria. The treatment is aimed at reducing the risk of sudden cardiac death properly risk-stratifying patients that would benefit from an implantable cardioverter defibrillator .Antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation are also commonly used to improve quality of life by preventing ventricular arrhythmias, exercise restriction to prevent disease progression. This report presents case of elderly man with newly symptomatic arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.

The bedrock of agricultural development in developing countries of sub-saharan Africa is rural development, without which all efforts at agricultural development will be futile. Agricultural development can only be attained if necessary rural infrastructural facilities are adequately provided in rural areas. This study assessed the availability of rural infrastructural facilities and its effect on agricultural productivity of rural dwellers in Abeokuta North local government area of Ogun state. Interview schedule was used to elicit information from 120 rural dwellers from six rural communities. Information obtained was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Availability of seven rural infrastructural facilities was assessed. The results showed that roads were available to all the respondents while electricity (70.83%) and schools (83.33%) were available to majority of the respondents. Majority of the rural dwellers reported the proper functioning of roads (66.67%) and schools (82%) while partial functioning was recorded for electricity (60%), portable water (50%) and storage facilities (66.67%). The study concludes that sustainable rural development is a function of the availability and accessibility of rural infrastructural facilities to rural dwellers who are mainly small scale farmers. It was recommended that government should make provision for infrastructural facilities in rural areas of the local government.

This paper deliberated to impact of domestic trade and Nepal-India trade by demonetization of Indian currency by Indian government. The Indian government is claiming that the action is a surgical strike against black money. The demonetization of the large bills has received mixed reactions. A large section of industry and the public reacted to the decision with overwhelming support, stating that the government should have taken such action a long time ago. Their point is that deflation is the most prominent and quick bang that is going to be seen in the Indian economy. On the other hand, this move is not only going to affect the Indian economy but also the Nepali economy, which is very closely linked to India.

This study was conducted to estimate relationships between body lengths from several biometrical traits viz. Total length relationship between Standard length, Head length, Interorbital space, Length of the snout, Depth at the origin of dorsal fin and Orbit diameter of Macrones vittatus (Bloch, 1794). Samples of 419 individuals (ranging between 86-175 mm) were studied in the present investigation. The linear regression equation and coefficient correlation for Total length and Standard length is 0.785, r=0.99, Total length and Head length is 0.166, r=0.949, Total length and Interorbital space is 0.182, r=0.995, Total length and Length of the snout is 0.083, r=0.938, Total length and Depth at the origin of the dorsal fin is 0.260, r=0.991 and Total length and Orbit diameter is 0.033, r=0.924.

Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a bone mineral density of 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean peak bone mass (average of young, healthy adults) as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and calcium metabolism plays a very important role in such bone diseases. Calcium metabolism or calcium homeostasis is the mechanism by which the body maintains adequate calcium levels. Derangements of this mechanism lead to hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia, this article highlights majorly on the calcium metabolism and its effects on our health.

Frequent and abrupt movements affect stock market movements adversely and results it in a highly volatile stock market. Hub of this study is to determine the relationship that exists between stock market volatility and macroeconomic variable concerning price level. Inflation rate, gold, oil and producer prices have been selected as macroeconomic variables concerning price level whereas volatility in KSE-100 Index served as dependent variable of the study. It is based on 144 monthly observations of the selected variables for a period of eleven years from 2002-2013. Multiple regression analysis is applied based on Ordinary Least Square. Findings revealed that statistically there exists a significant relationship between index volatility and selected macroeconomic variables. Movements in oil prices affect capital market movements positively whereas negative impact of inflation rate, gold and producer prices is revealed on index volatility. It is concluded that movements in these variables can help in predicting capital market volatility.

This study aimed to compare the effect of balance training methods including core stability, plyometrics and their combination on static and dynamic balance in female futsal players. To this end, a number of 60 female futsal players from Shahrekord city were selected as the participants using purposive sampling method. Then the subjects were randomly assigned into four groups each with 15 members including three experimental groups (core stability training (N=15), plyometric training (N=15) and combination training (N=15)) and a control group (N=15). Height, weight and leg length were measured in the subjects. In the pretest, the subjects performed Stork Test and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) to examine their static and dynamic balance performance, respectively. Based on the training protocol, the experimental groups did 8 weeks of their assigned exercise training. The training sessions were held three times a week and 45 minutes per session. The control subjects performed their routine trainings. After eight weeks, all variables were measured in the four groups again. Paired t test was run for within-group comparison, and one-way ANOVA was used for between-group comparison. The results showed that combination training group achieved the best performance in both static and dynamic balance comparing with other groups. Based on the present findings, it can be concluded that a combination of core stability and plyometric exercises may improve static and dynamic balance in female futsal players. Thus, it is recommended that these exercises be included in training programs for futsal players.