Archives-j 

Remote sensing is a major source of data to prepare land cover map. The present study has been conducted to investigate the ability of Landsat ETM satellite in order to prepare land cover map. The images were taken on July 10, 2014 and has been georeferenced by using digital coordinate map with scale of 1: 25000.The amount of RMSE that obtained from geo-referenced images was o.348. In order to prepare for processing digital data, such as contrast enhancement, optimum index factor(OIF), principal component analysis(PCA), producing false color composite and vegetation indices improving operations and enhancing images were carried out on the data. Based on studies and field visits with help of control points and global positioning system, ground real map was prepared. To classify data Supervised classification methods were used. After classification, land cover maps with different classes were prepared. Overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient to classify maximum likelihood are 86.31% and 83.93% respectively. For a minimum distance 70.83% and 68.49%, for Minimum Mahalanobis Distance 85.95% and 81.53% and parallelepiped are 82.31% and 79.84% were obtained.

Fisheries is one of the four important subsectors of the economy recognized and incorporated into the implementation of the second phase of the National fadama Development Project (Fadama II) as a veritable tool aimed at reducing poverty by increasing the productivity and income levels of poor fadama resource users. The assessment of the effect of Fadama II project on fish farming was carried out in this study by using the with-and-without approach. A multistage sampling technique was used in sampling 185 fadama II fish farmers and 60 non-fadama II fish farmers from 9 Fadama Community Associations with the aid of structured interview schedule. Data obtained were analyzed by using frequency count, percentages, mean, standard deviation and t-test analytical techniques. Findings from the study indicated that fadama fish farmers had higher number of ponds, were more educated, larger household sizes, and were more experienced in fish farming business than the non-fadama fish farmers while non-fadama fish farmers were older than the fadama fish farmers. The results of t-test analyses revealed that significant differences occurred in the annual income (t-value=32.28, p<0.01) and production output (t-value=43.14, p<0.01) of fadama and non-fadama fish farmers. The study concluded that the project has a positive effect on the income of fadama fish farmers in Lagos State, Nigeria and recommended that subsequent phases of the NFDP programme should be extended to all fadama users as this will benefit more people.

Automatic annotation is in fact the process of classifying medical using global and local features of standard image codes (IRMA) while being extracted. This includes four technical data axes of providing image (modality), direction, anatomy, and biological system. A few number of recent researches have been conducted on the extraction of Gabor filter feature in HSV color space for automatic annotation, but until now no complete comparison has been conducted on the accuracy of the different classifications in resolution and annotation of the images based on the Gabor filter feature in HSV color space. The results from the known and famous classifiers used on the four characteristics of anatomy, direction, biological system and modality are presented in this paper, which show that K-Nearest Neighbor is the most efficient classification group as far as accuracy is concerned.

The article extends, study on the removal of heavy metals such as Cr, Zn and Ni from tannery effluent by using macrofungi in the form of mycelial biomass. Mycelial biomass of cultivated mushrooms namely Pleurotus florida, Calocybe indica were collected and subjected for biosorption studies. Among the chosen two mushrooms Pleurotus florida showed the maximum biosorption. Both the mushrooms were found to have the biosorption efficiency of heavy metals namely Cr, Zn and Ni. Pleurotus florida has 88.5%biosorption efficiency of Cr; 68.4% Zn and 58.8%; while Calocybe indica has recorded 55%biosorption of efficiency of Cr;37.9% Zn and 49.1% Ni respectively. As biosorption of heavy metals using macrofungi is an ecofriendly method, it could be an excellent and viable method for the removal of heavy metals form tannery effluent.

No matter how much we diversify our investments, it's impossible to get rid of all the risk. As investors, we deserve a rate of return that compensates us for taking on risk. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) helps us to calculate investment risk and what return on investment we should expect. Here we look at the formula behind the model, the evidence for and against the accuracy of CAPM, and what CAPM means to the average investor.

Community policing is an effort between the security agents and the community that identifies and solves community problems such as insecurity issues. This paper thus discusses the challenges facing the local private security guards toward enhancing community policing. The study found that poor working conditions, poor pay, lack of recognition from the public, inadequate working facilities, and poor communication channels were among the major challenges facing private guards in Eldoret town. The study recommends that there is need for improving working conditions as well as communication.

There are many researches that have been proposed for embedding data into digital video. However, most of those schemes extending data hiding technique for still images to videos by treating each single frame as a still image and embed data in intra-frame. In this paper, we propose an effective data-hiding scheme that embeds data in digital videos using the phase angle of the motion vector of the macro blocks in the inter-frame. The scheme can be applied to either compressed or uncompressed videos. Furthermore, the embedded data can be extracted directly without using the original video sequences. Our experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed method. The method is implemented and tested for hiding data in natural sequences of multiple groups of pictures and the results are evaluated. The evaluation is based on two criteria: minimum distortion to the reconstructed video and minimum overhead on the compressed video size. Based on the aforementioned criteria, the proposed method is found to perform well and is compared to a motion vector attribute-based method from the literature.

Aim of this article, classification statistical and power characteristics of the command brain motor with different structures of powerful perceptron neural network Combined with Levenberg Marquardt algorithm and evaluating the best structure to separate these signals. Detection of motor steering signals in the brain is an important classification issue. The discrete wavelet transform to extract features and investigate of the scale-frequency electroencephalogram signals are used. Results show perceptron network with two hidden layers and twelve neurons with linear output transfer function at best 92% and then the multilayer perceptron with one hidden layer and transfer function tangent sigmoid 86% have ability to separate.

In this study three land uses with constant soil type and lithology have been considered and also, rainfall intensities have been created by using rainfall simulator device and in two intensities of 46 mm/hour and 88 mm/hour, and as well as considering the slopes of 5 percent and 15 percent, according to the three repeats in 36 stages of sampling. Also, from adjacent parts of the rainfall simulator device and from 0-20 cm depth of soil, the soil samples were taken for analysis in a soil laboratory. The results showed that the land use changes indicate dramatic impacts on soil sedimentation amount in various intensities of rainfall and different slopes; so that the highest amount of sedimentation is carried out in the abandoned rainfed use and intensity of rainfall of 88 mm/hour and slope of 15%.

The paper attempts to determine impact of competition on marketing practices. Specifically the research paper attempts to find out whether institutions providing business management education today should be marketing oriented? How does marketing efforts of institutions providing business management education have undergone a change in terms of spending on Advertising , Spending on Public Relation activities, Spending on Faculty Development and Training, Brand building Activities over last 5 years. Finally the research paper makes an attempt towards finding out the level of marketing activities being practiced by the institute