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Objective: To determine superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione dismutase (GPX) malondialdehyde (MDA), uric acid, zinc, ascorbic acid, albumin, blood lipids and glycated hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: Case control study Place & Duration: Department of Medicine -Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital from December 2014- August 2015. Subjects & Methods: 95 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics and 55 controls selected through non-probability purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 8-12 hour fasting was ensured for blood samples. BUN, serum creatinine, albumin, bilirubin, uric acid, blood glucose, HbA1c, blood lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, MDA, SOD, GPX, zinc and Ascorbic acid were determined by standard methods. Data was entered in Statistix 8.1. (USA) Continuous and categorical data was analyzed by student’s t test and Chi square test respectively. Microsoft excel was used for graphing. Data was analyzed at 95% confidence interval (p- ? 0.05). Results: Blood pressure, obesity, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). VLDL, triglycerides, LDLc were elevated in diabetics, while HDLc was reduced. MDA, SOD, GPX, zinc, ascorbic acid, uric acid and bilirubin showed significant differences (p<0.05). MDA in diabetics and controls was noted as 5.17±0.81 vs. 2.15±0.62 µmol/ml respectively (p=0.0001). SOD, GPX, AA, Zn++, UA, serum albumin and serum bilirubin were decreased in diabetics. Conclusion: The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), uric acid, bilirubin and zinc were reduced and malondialdehyde (MDA), altered blood lipids and glycated HbA1 were increased in diabetics in present study.

Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions form complexes of the type [ML₂]xH₂O with the  Schiff  base, [{4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]imino}methyl]benzene-2,4-diol, using the phenolic O and imine N atoms. These compounds are characterized by microanalysis, conductance, ¹H NMR, infrared and electronic spectral measurements. The IR measurements reveal that the Zn(II) complex is in the trans-isomeric form while electronic measurements are corroborative of a four coordinate, tetrahedral/square-planar geometry for the metal complexes. None is an electrolyte in nitromethane, and all the complexes are air stable but decomposed on heating in the temperature range 210-330^oC. The antibacterial studies show that the ligand, the Mn(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) complexes are active against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibitory zones range of 9.0-17.0 mm.  The cytotoxic study shows that the Cu(II) complex has the best in-vitro anticancer activity against HT-29 (colon carcinoma) cells with an IC₅₀ value of 30.17 ?M, which is  about a quarter as active as Cis-platin.

One feature that characterized the political history of most African countries is the evolution from colonialism through the rise of nationalist movements to independence and the fall of the first generation nationalists. Headed by the emerging African elite most of whom had just obtained western education in either Europe or America, these nationalist movements began to advocate “self-rule now”. They do so with the promise that the development of African nations will be faster under native rulers. Given the opportunity to rule their nations, however, things begin to change for the worse against the high expectations of the masses. Greed, avarice, nepotism and corruption have taken over, and have eaten deep into both social and economic lives of the people. This study, which is based on the realist approach to literary criticism, seeks to examine the image of the African political administrators in two post-colonial novels – Peter Abraham’s A Wreath for Udomo and Chinua Achebe’s A Man of the People. The purpose is to find out if, in literature, African countries have fared better economically under native rule than under colonial rule.

One type of a new product for the usefulness of panel wall material containing mixed composite of cement, sand and recycle paper called as Paper Fiber Reinforced Foam Concrete (PFRFC) as upon of the reinforcement addition is expected can improve materials quality for non load bearing wall. Pursuant to study of paper fiber in mixture of concrete it was produce a strong structure materials, environmental friendly and economical. By that, this study have practiced using paper fiber with other mixture of lightweight foamed concrete to search out the good material for lightweight concrete in term of the tension strength, compression strength and absorption of noise. Paper fiber come from wood fiber which have experienced of crushing process, condensation, and pickling have idiosyncrasy in absorbent strength of sound and strength of tension but it is sensitive to water, slow harden and increase the density of foam concrete specimens. Experimental work of PFRFC have been conducted in the form of prism specimen, panel wall and cube, with water ratio, cement, and sand is 0.45 : 1 : 1.5 and mixed with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of paper fiber. The research ve shows that with addition of paper fiber, the flexural strength of the Paper Fiber Reinforced Foam Concrete (PFRFC) is increases although the compression strength of PFRFC is not as good as the flexural strength. The strength of wall panel of PFRFC is better compared to Normal Foam Concrete (NFC) wall panel in terms of the flexural strength and noise absorption. The density discovered is less than normal concrete density, which are 2400 kg/m3. The PFRFC density is appropriate for the lightweight material for wall panel, which is the range of density, are 800 - 900 kg/m3 for the specimen of PFRFC cube.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to survey the relation between students’s learning style and teacher’s teaching methods which apply towards the achievements in CES subject in three Technical School in Negeri Sembilan. Respondent of the research involving 180 students and a questionnaire was used as research instrument. This questionnaire contained two parts, which were Part A; seven questions related to background of respondents and Part B containing 36 items related to 3 types of learning styles and 2 types of teaching methods. The acquired overall alpha value was 0.844 and possessed high trustworthiness questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) software version 15 to acquire frequency, percentage and mean that were later shown in table form. Acquired study findings showed that auditory learning style was the most dominant learning style which applied among the students whereas demonstration method was the most dominant teaching method used among the teachers. In this study, it was discovered that no significant relation between visual and kinesthetic learning style with the achievements in Civil Engineering Studies (CES) subject whereas there was a significant relation between auditory with the subject achievements. For analysis of relation between learning styles and teaching methods there was a significant relation between both of them. This research suggest a further research to find the effectiveness of teacher’s teaching methods which must be required to attain correct information and used it to solve the student’s achievement problems.

The experimental FT-IR (4000 - 400 cm-1) and FT? Raman (3500 ? 100 cm-1) spectra of o-(salicyloyloxy) benzoiacid (OSBA) have been recorded. Quantum chemical calculation of energies, geometric, vibrational wave numbers of OSBA are carrier out using DFT/B3LYP method 6-31+G (d) and 6-311++G (d, p) basic sets. The optimized geometrical parameters obtained by B3LYP method shows a good agreement with experimental data. The complete vibrational assignments were performed on the basics of potential energy distribution (PED) of the vibrational modes calculated with scaled quantum mechanical method. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies allow the calculation of atomic and molecular properties and they also show that charge transfer occurs in the molecule. Details of molecular picture of OSBA, Mulliken atomic charge and molecular electrostatic potential map, respectively

The ultrasonic velocity and density are measured in binary mixture of ethyl ethanoate and sesame oil at 298.15K, 303.15K, 308.15K and 313.15K. Acoustical parameters such as isentropic compressibility, intermolecular free length, specific acoustic impedance, molar volume, available volume, volume at absolute zero, Van der waal’s constant, Rao’s Constant and Wada’s Constant have been evaluated.  Except isentropic compressibility all the other calculated parameters shows decreasing trend with the increase in concentration of solvent and increase in temperature. The variation of these parameters with temperature and concentration are used to study the intermolecular interaction existing between the components of the mixture.

Uncertainty of measurement has attracted more researchers in recent past. In this paper ,an attempt is made to review the status of literature in measurement uncertainty. The uncertainty of measurement is related to measurement and calibration process only. A very few literature are available related to uncertainty of measurement. A literature classification scheme is suggested. A number of articles from referred international journals and international conferences are classified based on various methodology (GUM, analytical approach and Monte-Carlo approach etc). The paper shows the country wise awareness in the field of uncertainty. The gap in the research are identified along with the scope of UOM in various application.

Since the year 2003 when Free Primary Education (FPE) was institutionalized in Kenya, there have been a myriad of challenges that have been associated with it in respect of adequacy, safety of students and teachers, inappropriateness, and presence or availability of vital aspects. Among these are; classrooms, textbooks, teachers, play fields, office space, school fencing, and support staff in public primary schools. Many authorities have attributed such a scenario to the non-committal nature of government to its FPE policy implementation through inadequate human and non-human resource allocation, poor quality and standards assurance mechanisms, and to inconsistent monitoring and evaluation programmes. In this respect, The 2010 Kenya Constitution stipulates a compulsory basic education, implicitly for all citizens aged 18 years and below, or in primary and secondary schools. In as much as several studies have revealed an increase in school retention rates and enhanced access to education, it has also been noted that vital school expected outputs such as learner discipline and academic (Kenya Certificate of Primary Education) performance have dwindled. The result has been relative public dissatisfaction as regards services offered in public primary schools in Kenya. It is noteworthy that the government seems to appreciate the factors underlying such inadequate performance in public primary schools in Kenya. This is seen in their strategic policies to ensure that the poorer public primary school output attain the same national secondary school educational opportunities with the better performing private primary school graduates in a favoured way, seemingly non-competitively. This better performance has led to increased demand for private primary school education in Kenya. From merely less than 20 by the mid 1980s, there has been a marked increase in establishment to over 1000 registered private primary schools spread across the length and breadth of Kenya, Makini School being among the premier in offering regular national curriculum in Nairobi City. These multiplicity of individual, company or group efforts to overcome challenges faced in government educational endeavours through private enterprise then demands competitive engagement of stakeholders to ensure better out-put to meet public expectation. Literature identifies leadership proactiveness, realized through a calculated combination of visibility, aggressiveness, assertiveness and innovativeness in management, as backbone to the desired institutional success. It also explains that a more proactive manager is more likely to remain afloat unlike his complacent peers given similar challenges in their rival organizations. Such success would be necessary for achievement of national goals of education given contribution of private primary school participation. Therefore, this presentation focuses on the value of headteacher leadership proactiveness in management of private schools.

High peak-to-average power ratio of the transmit signal is a major drawback of multi-carrier transmission such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, which causes power inadequacy in Radio Frequency section of the transmitter. This paper describe some of the important PAPR reduction techniques for multi-carrier transmission including amplitude clipping and filtering, partial transmit sequence, selected mapping, and active constellation extension. Among various PAPR reduction techniques, neural network is the most powerful techniques in reducing the PAPR due its good generalization properties with flexible modelling and learning capabilities.