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Developed countries apply some controls directly to protect national security, concerning persons` or certain countries` access to specified technologiesSimilarly, they apply indirect supervision on the types, amount and channels of technology transfer to certain countries through currency exchange regulations, taxation and foreign investment. Developing countries also keep technology turn under their own control in order to ensure that technology transfer contracts and the economic objectives and policies of the government are consistent. In technology-transfer contracts (license contract), one type of various intellectual property rights is transferred The exclusivity of intellectual property rights is one of the most striking examples of exclusivity which is granted to special people and for certain period; so that in the certain period, they themselves, or their own selected people or their representatives benefit from the issue of intellectual property . The reason why these exclusive rights are granted is that the issues of the rights are used by the common people without special protection (patents). The variety of intellectual products and their utilizations in diverse fields of industry, commerce, science, literature and art have made such issues important. Hence, demand for these products either from the government or private sectors always exists. The owners of intellectual property market their products due to such requests and also to observe their own investment, therefore, obtain incentives for more activities and innovation in today`s knowledge-based economy (in which just those societies are successful that own high creativity and technical ability for their consumers` welfare). Accordingly, either they themselves use them or totally transfer them to another person or sometimes (with preserving their property on such rights) they give others solely a license to use them. The recent form of using intellectual property rights (namely to conclude license contracts) allows license-givers (with preserving their property on technology) to develop their own technology and enter the global market.

The article talks about the strategies that led Consorcio Ara to maintain growth, although the outlook for housing in Mexico is going through a difficult situation. The strategies are evaluated through the landscape of the industry, where they take into social implications of the problem as well as economic aspects that affected most of the companies in the industry. Strategies for success in this business versus strategies that took most of the companies engaged in housing construction are analyzed through quantitative method with reference data from public institutions, for give to the situation solid arguments for the final conclusion.

This study is an attempt to understand consumer perception of cause-related marketing compared with sales promotion and sponsorship. Data generated from 308 lecturers in five universities in South Eastern States of Nigeria were validated using Cronbach test, and subsequently used in testing the hypotheses using t-test. The study unveiled that consumers have more positive attitude toward cause-related marketing than sales promotion or sponsorship. Thus, cause-related marketing affords consumers the opportunity to contribute to societal development which sales promotion or sponsorship lacks. Managerial implications of the research findings and conclusion were highlighted in the study.

The country, Kenya, has implemented a policy of free primary education. This is meant to make basic formal education accessible to all. These considerations need to be looked at against the backdrop of the tenets agreed on by Education for All (EFA) and the Education Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The year agreed on for attaining these goals is 2015 and it is fast approaching. In the year 2000, at the World Forum on Education in Dakar, Senegal, over one thousand participants agreed to work cooperatively to help developing nations achieve six education-related goals. Among the goals were, “a call to support early childhood education… basic life skills, adult literacy … and education quality.”

Businesses worldwide are faced with the challenge of responding to the needs of their external environment in a manner that adds value to their operations. It is imperative that businesses run their operations within the precepts of the law of the land in which they operate and other regulations prescribed by authorities like business associations and government agencies. The organization is also expected to treat their employees with dignity and within the existing labour laws. The customers expect organizations to produce quality goods and services while the shareholders expect a return on their investment. The communities’ expectations conflict with the shareholders demands because in most cases community investments do not guarantee returns to the organizations. Nonetheless, organizations cannot afford to ignore the communities partly due to government regulations and also due to the long term benefits that accrue from such investments. The issue of organizations running operations in a responsible manner is no longer disputable due to the common understanding of the inherent benefits. Corporations possess power to control and influence the quality of employees, customers, shareholders, and residents of local communities in which they operate. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) focuses mostly on reputation and has only limited connection to the business, making them hard to justify and maintain over the long run.

The present study area (Cauvery river basin) lies between 77o 43’ 54’’ E to 79o 35’ 55’’ E longititude and Latitude 10o 10’ 0’’ N to 11o 10’ 6’’ N. The basin area is demarcated from the survey of Indian topographical map No.58 I/2 (1:50,000,1972) and it covers the area about 3397 sqkms. Morphometric analysis and their relative parameters have been quantitatively carried out for the Cauvery basin, Salem district, Tamilnadu, India. Digital elevation model (DEM) is used to determine the features of drainage networks and slope of drainage network and to determine the characteristics of basins. The foregoing analysis clearly indicates some relations among the various attributes of the morphometric aspects of the basin helps to understand their role in sculpturing the surface of the region.

This study examined the effects of teachers’ use of analogies on the achievement of Senior School Biology Students in Oro, Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and ninety-nine students comprising 110 males and 89 females in senior secondary school two, were purposively sampled from four schools in Oro. The sampled students were assigned into two groups, experimental (97 students) and control (102 students). The reliability of the instrument was determined by administering the test to forty students of another school not participating in the study and the reliability coefficient of 0.73 was obtained using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The test scores were analysed using mean scores, t-test and Analysis of Covariance on the hypotheses formulated. Findings from the study showed that there is a significant difference in the achievement of the experimental group exposed to analogies and the control group exposed to the conventional method. The mean score of the experimental group was 18.73 compared to conventional group with the mean score of 15.32. It was hereby recommended, among other things, that biology teachers should incorporate innovative instructional strategies, like analogies into their conventional teaching method for their teaching and their students’ learning of biology

Objectives: To Study the efficacy of backward training program me on agility and quadriceps strength. Design: Pre Post test study. Setting: Jamia Hamdard University, Participants: 30 healthy university students (18 -25 yrs). Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned into three groups (A,B and C). Group A ( N = 10) performed backward walking (4 kmph), Group B (N=10) performed backward running(5.6 kmph) for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week) and Group C (N=10) was the control group. Before and after the intervention, all the subjects completed the following tests: agility- T test and measurement of quadriceps strength. Outcome Measures: Agility, quadriceps strength. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that both the backward walking and backward running improved the quadriceps strength after 6 week of training. In addition, while backward running was found to be effective in improving the agility performance, the backward walking group did not show significant increase .Control group showed no improvement in agility and quadriceps strength.

Since the number of server providing the facilities for the user is usually more than one, the authentication protocols for multi-server environment are required for practical applications. Most of password authentication schemes for multi-server environment are based on static ID, so the adversary can use this information to trace and identify the user's requests. It is unfavorable to be applied to special applications, such as e-commerce. In this paper, we develop a secure dynamic ID based remote user authentication scheme to achieve user's anonymity. The proposed scheme only uses hashing functions to implement a robust authentication scheme for the multi-server environment. It provides a secure method to update password without the help of third trusted party. The proposed scheme does not only satisfy all requirements for multi-server environment but also achieve efficient computation. Besides, our scheme provides complete functionality to suit with the real applications.

The cyclic voltammetric measurement and molecular interaction studies using ultrasonic technique of Cu(II),Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) complexes of 4-Amino-3, 6-Bis [[4-[[4-Chloro-6-[(3-Sulfophenyl) Amino]-1,3,5-Triazin-2-Yl]Amino]-2-Sulfophenyl]Azo]-5-Hydroxy-2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid hexasodium compound using DMSO, have been studied at 303 K. The cyclic voltammetric were carried out using a stationary platinum electrode in DMSO with 0.1M tetrabutylammonium per chlorate (TBAP) as a supporting electrolyte. The measured values of ultrasonic velocity, density, acoustical parameters, adiabatic compressibility and free length are evaluated. From these properties the parameters have been studied the nature and strength of the interactions in these complexes and oxidation, reduction behaviors were discussed.