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The Strychnos spinosa seed were analysed to establish its proximate, minerals and anti-nutritional compositions using standard analytical methods. The seed, on dry weight basis, contains crude protein (6.40%), crude lipid (1.96%), ash (2.30%), available carbohydrates (66.86%), calorific value (310.68kcal/100g) and moisture (17.20%). The seed is rich in, potassium (1260mg/100g), magnesium (49.00mg/100g), iron (1.30mg/100g), sodium (20.60 mg/100g) and phosphorus (69.00mg/100g). Though, the seed also has high content of total oxalate (50.30 %) and phytic acid (198.25 mg/100g). The levels of various nutrient and mineral elements varied significantly, which indicates the potential of the seed to be harnessed for diverse application for value addition as health food provided that the anti-nutritional factors are tackled appropriately. 

Stress is a dynamic condition in which individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcomes are perceived to be uncertain. Constraints are barriers that keep employees away from doing what they desire. Constraints and demand can lead to potential stress, when they are coupled with uncertainty about the outcomes potential stress becomes actual stress. In this review stress is considered as an unpleasant emotion which manifests itself through tension, frustration, anxiety, anger and depression. All these emotions are result of different aspects of the working environment and personal lives of the employees. Moreover today the organizations have changed from manual to automated office management. Light of all these spasmodic changes the organizations and the individual alike have to adapt themselves in order to coop with the global challenges for survival. All these challenges consequently lead to occupational stress. The article is designed to highlight different causes and consequences of occupational stress with a view to manage it through individual and organizational approaches.

In the country like India where population is increasing at a rapid rate the electrical power demand has become a great problem. Unfortunately the conventional energy resources are limited, cause greenhouse emissions and are expected to increase in costs due to an increase in the demand. Recently, the new concept of MicroGrid has been emerging on distribution network for integration of micro generation in low voltage network and to increase the reliability of supply. A microgrid is a cluster of micro generators, loads, storage devices, control devices and a low voltage distribution network functioning in a coordinated manner. The microgrid can operate in two different modes: interconnected or emergency. In first mode the microgrid is connected with the conventional low voltage distribution network for importing or exporting electricity. In emergency mode the microgrid is isolated (islanded) with the help of control devices from the distribution network and uses local micro-generators, changing from power control to frequency control. Most of the micro sources installed in a microgrid cannot be connected directly to the electrical network therefore; power electronics interfaces (dc/ac or ac/dc/ac) are required. Thus, the inverter control is also a challenge for smooth and reliable operation of a smart microgrid. This paper describes microgrid operation in various modes and various control strategies adopted.

In this work Mahua oil cake was used to extract the bio oil using fixed bed fast pyrolysis experiments. The effects of three parameters on the pyrolysis efficiency were tested to identify the optimal bio oil production. The parameters are temperature, nitrogen gas flow rate and feed stock particle size. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM), with a Box Behnken Design (BBD), was used for modelling and optimizes the process parameters. The results showed that the second-order polynomial equation explains adequately the non-linear nature of the modelled response. An R2 value of 0.9318 indicates a sufficient adjustment of the model with the experimental data. The optimal conditions found to be at the temperature of 550°C, N2 flow rate of 0.3 lpm and particle size of 4 mm. The yield of bio-oil was obtained 25.90 wt %. In addition the bio oil was characterized by elemental the gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC- MS) were analyzed.

Dredging of the BONNY OFFSHORE TERMINAL which crosses a bar of 20km long and if dredged will give access to big and modern vessels to enter Port-Harcourt wharf. This study is the analysis of the cost and benefits of carrying out this task. In addition, the problem of selecting a dredger was formulated as a linear programming problem subject to environmental cost and other constraints. Data on the type of equipment, cost, man power needs, environmental friendliness, economy and efficiency were obtained from literature and interviews. The suction dredger was the most suitable dredging machine to work in the area. Other machines such as cutter dredger and grab dredger were found to be expensive and unsafe in areas with a high tidal length. The results are important in decision making on the profitability or otherwise of carrying out similar projects in other areas.

Studies on orange production in Mazandaran province are necessary due to its potential for production and large cultivation area. In this study energy input-output, economic analysis and econometric modeling of energy input for orange production in Sari region of Iran were carried out. From a total of 86 farmers considered for the analysis, the total input and output energy were 54.2 and 59.2 GJ ha-1, respectively. Diesel fuel, fertilizer and water had the highest energy values per hectare, respectively. Results showed that the overall energy ratio (Energy use efficiency) was calculated as 1.09. The relationships between various energy sources and yield were found using Cobb-Douglas production function. Econometric models showed that among all energy sources chemical fertilizer, farmyard manure and water for irrigation had the most significant impact on orange yield. Additionally, economic analysis was carried out with results showing that the bene?t to cost ratio and net return for orange production were 10.6 and 16420.4 $ h-1, respectively.

In the resent world, various study based on overall development of women such as their social status, social benefits, their constitutional rights and their education provided by modern scholar proved that, their status in modern society is totally different from traditional society. Establishment of democratic society like in India pays especial attention for women development. While the presence of gender discrimination in traditional society influence the mentality of the today’s people, due to this in many rural areas of India women are still behind the bar. The structural behaviour of ancient society proved that women were always dominated by the male members. They are mainly concentrating on domestic work only. In this study researcher try to examine the participation of women in vegetable market as a seller along with their problems during market time, their socio-economic condition and the factors which influence their participation on vegetable market as seller. It is true that women are participating in various sectors and their number is also increasing but at the same time they are not free to exercise their power. They work under pressure of various factors such as unhealthy working environment, social security, public pressure and family pressure. Thus, central and the state Government gives high priority for the social empowerment of women in their policies.

The study examined the pattern of farmers land use on crop diversification in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State. Multistage sampling technique was used to sample eighty (80) crop famers in the study area, with the aid of a well structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive percentage, mean, frequency count and inferential statistic. The result showed that 73.8% of the crop farmers were male with mean age of 49.8 years, 83.7% were married with mean family size of 8 persons, and 43.8% of the farmers had one form of formal education, 60% used hired labour for their farm operation with minimum labour cost of N 1000- N 10000 on daily basis. 67.5% source their farm land through hired/rent and 61.2% source their capital through personal saving, 62.5% of them acquired information through radio and television. 93.7% of the farmer cultivated farm size less than 5 hectare with mean farming experience of 16.01years, 45% practice four cropping combination, which showed the extend of crop diversification among farmer in the study area. It was also revealed that 58.7% realize income of N 80,000- N 200,000, from their farm output per season, 75% of the crop farmer used inorganic fertilizer. The major dominant of crop in the area was cassava (91.3%), maize (86.3%) and vegetables (48.8%) different species, which may be inter/mixed cropping. The major land management practices adopted by the farmer in the study area were, manual method of land clearing (95%), Inorganic fertilizer (67.5%), improve varieties of crop specie(65%), crop rotation (61.2%) and cover cropping( 21.3%), while 72% apply chemical for weeding. The major problem of farmer on the land use on crop diversification, are basically land tenure, pest infestation among others. It was therefore concluded that there should be good land tenure system, farmer should be encouraged to adopt organic input method of farming, effort should be made by extension workers and research institute to the need of orientating and organizing organic farming system training program in other to improve soil fertility through combination of leguminous based cropping system should be encouraged in the study area.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) occur as a result of problems with the jaw, TM joint, and surrounding facial muscles that control chewing and the movement ofthe jaw.Patients affected by TMD’s present an array of symptoms which include jaw or neck pain, headache, and clicking or grating within the joint. The objective of comprehensive TMD management is not only relief of pain, but the rehabilitation or return of the entire masticatory apparatus to optimum physiologic function. The rationale for such an approach is to minimize the likelihood of exacerbations & chronicity, which are common in TMD. As our dental curricula provide nominal training in TMD management, most dentists have limited understanding of these disorders and its management. Similarly therapists also have little understanding of the importance of the dental role in management of these disorders. Hence treatment of TMD requires an interdisciplinary approach of appropriate and effective dental therapy combined with well executed physiotherapy. Physiotherapy includes modalities (e.g., Iontophoresis, Phonophoresis), relaxation techniques, and complementary therapies (e.g., Acupuncture, Hypnosis) which are used for the treatment of temperomandibular joint disorders and have proven to provide good results.

Sarcomas of the prostate are rare and represent less than 0.1% of cancers of this gland, represented mainly by leiomyosarcomas. It is a rare type of tumor, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 53%. occur mainly in children and young adults. These tumours show predilection for bones and soft tissues in the paraspinal region and lower extremities . Its therapeutic means represent a real problem for the urologist. We report the case of a young patient admitted for urine disorder, the MRI showed that the diagnois was prostatic PNET.