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Iron is one of the major limiting factors and essential nutrients of microbial life. Since in nature it is not readily available in the preferred form, microorganisms produce small high affinity chelating molecules called siderophores for its acquisition. A great variation is seen in siderophore structure produced by many bacteria. There are three main kinds of siderophores known as hydroxamate, catecholate and carboxylate. Siderophores also play a critical role in the expression of virulence and development of biofilms by different microbes. Siderophore and their derivative have large application in agriculture as to increase soil fertility and biocontrol for bacterial and fungal pathogen. This review is intended to provide a general overview on siderophore along with its role and applications.

The vibrational spectroscopy of o-nitrobenzaldehyde (ONBH) by means of quantum chemical calculation has been studied. The FT-Raman and FT-IR spectra of ONBH have been recorded in the region 3500-50cm-1 and 4000-400cm-1 respectively. The fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of vibrational bands have been evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) with standard B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) basis set combinations for optimized geometries. The observed FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational frequencies have been anlaysed and compared with theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The assignments of bands to various normal modes of molecule have also been carried out. The electric dipole moment (?) and the first hyper polarazibility (?) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using DFT calculations. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occur with in the molecule.

The present investigation emphasizes on screening of herbs with potent antimicrobial activity, preparation of nanoparticles of their extracts, treatment of cotton fabrics with herbal nanoparticles, assessment of their antimicrobial efficacy and finally assessment of wash durability. Based on the antimicrobial activity and availability Neem was selected and the herbal Nanoparticles were prepared using Neem extract. Results confirmed that the neem Nanoparticles treated fabrics showed maximum antimicrobial activity than the plain Neem extract treated fabrics against S. aureus and E. coli in both qualitative and quantitative tests. The antimicrobial activity of the Neem Nanoparticles treated fabrics was retained upto 25 washes where as the plain neem extract treated fabrics retained the activity only up to 10 washes. These results indicate that the application of nanotechnology is ideal for improving the antimicrobial activity and wash durability of herbal-based antimicrobial textiles.

The purpose of this work is to physically characterize wood-cement composite materials. The wood species used are Ayous, Movingui, African Padouk and Sapelli. The cement used is Portland cement CPJ35. For that purpose, we made specimens with wood species cited above. Then we carried out the drying and the humidification of these samples and made necessary measurements to characterize these materials physically. We determined most important physical properties of wood (density, the total volume shrinkage and swelling, moisture content and specific gravity) to characterize these materials. It comes out from this study that wood-cement composite materials are lighter than usual building materials such as mortar and concrete. We noted that, of four wood-composite materials elaborated, the sapelli-cement composite is that which presents the best physical properties, in particular the hygroscopic properties.

Education may be regarded both as a science and an art since it consists of theoretical as well as practical knowledge and skills derived through various artistic and scientific methods. Like other science subjects, education also needs logic. So educate the children scientifically by teaching them the exact pronunciations of the alphabets. An English alphabet should be pronounced exactly as it is pronounced in a word known as “Qadir’s Pronunciation” of Alphabet. Similarly, Urdu Hija should also be pronounced exactly as it is pronounced in a word known as “Qadir’s Pronunciation” of Urdu Hija.

The Present Paper entitled “Quest for Identity” focuses on the attitude of New Women. It also brings out how Manju Kapur portrays Virmati in Difficult Daughters trying to establish her identity through her rebellious attitudes.

Power generation efficiency of a DMFC depends on the concentration of methanol solution, hence analysis on the development of methanol concentration sensor is getting importance. Measurement of methanol concentration using various techniques namely MEMS, Capacitive type, Dielectric constant and piezoelectric crystal are critically analyzed in this paper. Based on the specific requirement, a particular type of methanol concentration sensor is utilized for the defined power output of DMFC.

The main objective of the research work was to check the presence or absence of the phytochemical constituents in the E. officinalis. The results of the phytochemical analysis of this medicinal plant showed that the terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugar, flavonoids and alkaloids were found to be present in mentioned medicinal plant.

In a world of diminishing resources, current research efforts are often directed to extending the life of existing resources and developing technology to treat resources deemed uneconomic. To this end, biotechnology has been explored as a potential low cost, environmentally benign alternative to many of the current mineral processing techniques. Microorganisms and their metabolites have been successfully applied in the leaching of metals from medium and low grade sulfide minerals for many years. Recent fundamental studies have shown that selected bacteria may also assist in the beneficiation of these minerals through bio-flotation. Interaction between Rhodococcus erythropolis with minerals such as hematite, and quartz brought about signi?cant surface chemical changes of the minerals surfaces. Quartz was rendered more hydrophilic, while hematite became more hydrophobic after bio-treatment. Different characterization techniques for single minerals and bacteria before and after interaction as scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), zeta potential have been done.

Probing biomolecules by ultrasonic techniques is novel and powerful tool for characterizing their physico-chemical properties. Peptides find wide applications in drug production and as an ingredient in nutritional supplements. Glycyl-L-Glycine is the simplest dipeptide used in biochemical research and in the preparation of biodegradable polymers. Measurement of ultrasonic velocity plays an important role in the study of transport propeties of liquids/solution. In the present work, the acoustic and transport properties such as adiabatic compressibility, specific acoustic impedance, intermolecular free length, internal presure and free volume are computed for various molalities and at various temperatures. The results are analysed on the basis of solute-solvent interactions.