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This study attempts to investigate the change, if any, in the volatility observed in the Indian stock market due to the introduction of futures trading. The change in the volatility is compared in terms of the structure of the volatility. This is done to give insights into the way the futures market is influencing the Indian spot market’s volatility. The main objective of the study is to investigate whether there has been significant change in relative volatility of the underlying spot return and futures return. The period of study is from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2010 for the spot prices. The study used three stock indices of NSE namely Nifty, CNX IT and CNX Bank. The index futures time series analyzed here uses data on the near month contract as they are most heavily traded. The study has used four measures of volatility. The study finds that for the three NSE indices, the study rejects the null hypothesis of ‘no significant change in relative inter-day volatility between spot prices and futures prices’ over the entire period 2000-2010, but cannot reject the hypothesis fully for all the individual years. There is significant change in relative intra-day volatility between spot prices and futures prices for all the three NSE indices.

Omeprazole is chemically 5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl) methyl] sulfinyl ]-1H benzimidazole. It works by blocking acid production in the stomach. This medication is known as a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). It is used to treat acid-related stomach and throat (esophagus) problems and also used in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GORD/GERD), and Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. From the literature survey conducted there is no simple method reported for the determination of Omeprazole in capsule dosage form. Hence an attempt has been made to develop a HPLC method for the determination of Omeprazole is capsule dosage form and validate the developed method. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, system suitability, and specificity. The response was linear in concentration range of 9.6µg/ml to15.6µg/ml. The value of correlation coefficient found to be 0.9992. The R.S.D% value for repeatability precision studies was 0.8500. For system suitability it is essential for the assurance of the quality performance of chromatographic system so five injections of standard drug solution were given to the system. The %RSD value for system suitability was 0.1645.

The antibacterial activity of methanolic crude extract of Diacure, a polyherbal formulation was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans as test strains at different concentrations (80, 90 and 100?l/disc). Better antibacterial activity was observed with the extracts of diacure, that showed excellent inhibitory activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans at concentration of 100 ?l/disc. Among different bacteria tested Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were found to be more sensitive to crude extract when compared to others. HPLC analysis of the crude extract of diacure, a polyherbal formulation of 11 medicinal plants showed four different Phenolic acids (Tannic acid, Gallic acid, Ferulic acid and Caffeic acid). The results of the study provide scientific basis for the use of the plant extract in the future development as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory agent.

Job rotation is a movement of employees from one job to another within the same organization and eventually returning to the original position. Job rotation enables employees to gain additional skills, knowledge and insight about the organization, this in turn helps the organization to fill future vacancies within the organization and reduce turnover. The study accessed the impact of job rotation on organizational performance at Unilever Ghana Limited using Tema branch as a case study. Both primary and secondary data were sourced for the study. The data collected were analyzed qualitatively using descriptive analysis like charts and tables. The major findings of the study were that Unilever Company Limited, Tema has a policy on job rotation and it’s been practiced. The practice of Job rotation in the Company had a moderate effect in helping the company’s performance. The recommendations are that, maximum productivity can be attained when employees are adequately and properly trained and motivated and management should handle issues by identifying and correcting errors, irregularities, personal collusion, safeguarding assets and maintaining a sustainable internal control system by implementing its policy on job rotation system.

The correlation and path coefficient analysis among seed yield and its components in pigeonpea were worked out in 25 erect and 25 semi spreading genotypes separately during 2007-08. Results of the correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield plant^-1 was positively correlated with seeds plant^-1 in erect group whereas, pod clusters plant^-1, pods plant^-1 and 100 seed weight in semi-spreading group. Path coefficient analysis of various characters towards seed yield indicated that the maximum positive direct effect on seed yield was exhibited by seeds plant^-1 in erect group and days to 50% flowering in semi-spreading group. Whereas, path coefficients for 100 seed weight revealed the maximum positive direct effect due to days to 50% flowering in erect group and days to flower initiation in semi-spreading group.

Numerous industrial components or spare parts require a hard resistant surface, known as the case and relativity soft, tough and shock resistant inside called the core. This paper therefore runs through all the processes that are necessary in heat treating steels and alloys and finally case hardening which is required for structures of parts needed in the industries. It is the application of this heat treatment known as case hardening that we can obtain a structural member that is hard and soft, i.e. strong and tough. Hardness refers to the ability to resist wear while toughness is the ability to resist tear. Therefore a steel or alloy piece that contains these amazing qualities has its special applications in gears and cams, etc. A combination of the ability to withstand shock and serration makes this topic case hardening attractive for heat treatment of steels and alloys.

The present article test to analyze the present state of the fishing in the Ndjale lake in order to take out again the positive and negative points capable to allow the different actors intervening in this sector to get the necessary information capable to serve to a possible improvement of this economic circuit. While referring to the code of fishing and the aquaculture in RD - Congo, the document achieved by the FAO and to the practices of fishing that achieve themselves in the Ndjale lake by the fishers of this entity and the contraptions of fishing used, he/it observes himself/itself on the subject a deficiency of the state of fishing on land; the management of the lake is opaque and is held by the customary power where only the natives can reach there and especially fish captured at the time of the fishing are not weighed, and without any surveillance, the price of fish varies according to customer's type in presence and no regulation is to return it - you. The fishing is artisanal of subsistence and at a time commercial, the men are the main actors; the various nets, the cannons and the palangres are the materials the more used by the fishers, the transportation often gets used at bicycle and by motorcycles; dragging a lot of mediators between the fishers and the consumers, from where him ya place to organize this circuit in order to make this activity more profitable.

Chemical speciation and mobility factor indices of Pb, Cd, Zn and Mn were assessed in a crude oil contaminated soil and compared with control (uncontaminated) soil. The assessment was done to evaluate the impact of crude oil contamination on the bioavailability of metals in a soil matrix. Soil was collected in triplicate from four locations (three reflecting the crude oil impacted area and one uncontaminated soil as control). Soil was collected around a crude oil transfer pipeline within Bdere community in Ogoniland, Nigeria, within the month of August 2017. Fractional concentration of metals was determined using a GBC Avanta PM6600 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In the oil contaminated soil, Zn (41.13%) and Mn (77.54%) were predominantly associated to the residual fractions while Pb (29.45%) and Cd (25.53%) were prevalent in the amorphous Fe-oxide and plant available fractions respectively. Similarly, the uncontaminated soil depicted the residual fractions of Zn (49.43%) and Mn (48.63%) to be the most important while Pb (56.17%) and Cd (62.16%) were both predominantly affiliated to plant available fractions. Heavy metal mobility factor indices reflected the order: (Zn>Cd>Pb>Mn) and (Cd>Mn>Zn>Pb) for crude oil impacted and uncontaminated soils respectively. Despite the prevalence of heavy metals to the inert fractions, the significant affiliation of metals to the readily mobile fractions of crude oil contaminated soil reflected the order: Pb (10.71%), Cd (25.53%), Zn (40.22%) and Mn (3.52%) which further suggested that these metals may have emanated from the introduction of crude oil into the soil matrix.

In this analysis we investigate the effect of chemical reaction, thermo diffusion and diffusion thermo on the convective heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium bounded by a semi-infinite vertical plate at with thermophoresis. The equations governing the flow heat and mass transfer are solved by employing Galerkine-finite element analysis with three nodded line segments.

Energy demand is increasing while fossil fuels, the main source of energy, threaten their depletion and consequently their market value increases. In addition to this crisis, climate change and air pollution caused by the combustion emissions of fossil fuels pose problems of increased greenhouse effect. Due to the environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels, attention has been paid to the production of biodiesel as an alternative to petrodiesel. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative diesel fuel made from renewable resources made from vegetable oils and animal fats. It is a renewable energy source that seems to be an ideal solution for global energy needs. The current method of biodiesel production is the transesterification of the inedible oil with an alcohol (methanol or ethanol) in the presence of a catalyst or not. The transesterification reaction is very sensitive to the parameters and oil nature such as the acid composition and the free fatty acid content. Other variables include reaction such as temperature, ratio of alcohol to vegetable oil, catalyst, and intensity of mixing, purity of reagents. The development of biofuels creates new agricultural sectors and could offer new niche markets for farmers in exploitable areas. This study aims to make a comparative study transesterification processes for biodiesel production.