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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the rectum and colon. Results from many studies in people and animals of intestinal inflammation suggest that ulcerative colitis results from environmental factors triggering a loss of tolerance for normal intestinal flora in genetically susceptible individuals. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory chronic disease primarily affecting the colonic mucosa; the extent and severity of colon involvement are variable. In its most limited form it may be restricted to the distal rectum, while in its most extended form the entire colon is involved. UC belongs to the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which is a general term for a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of unknown etiology involving the gastrointestinal tract. UC is usually associated with recurrent attacks with complete remission of symptoms in the interim.. The leading initial symptom of UC is diarrhea with blood and mucus, sometimes with pain. Fever and weight loss are less frequent. Extra intestinal symptoms can be an initial manifestation or can occur later in the course of the disease. Eighty percent of the patients have only proctitis or proctosigmoiditis, and only 20% have extensive colitis. However, in about 50% of patients with initial proctosigmoiditis, proximal extension occurs later, and in some patients the opposite takes place. Depending of the stage of the disease, endoscopy reveals reddening of the mucosa, increased vulnerability, mucosal bleeding, irregular ulcers, pseudopolyps, granularity, and loss of vascular architecture. Several drugs interacting with various points along the immune and inflammatory cascades are currently available for the treatment of UC. Corticosteroids, aminosalicylates, immunomodulators are the mainstay of medical treatment.

This work carries a novel method that uses demands response strategies to develop and evaluate the consumer’s perspective through a computational experiment approach. The price of electricity is assumed to be a time-varying parameter. The proposed method describes an optimization model that adjusts the hourly load level of consumer with response to hourly electricity prices. This approach has a home energy consumption simulator and a demand response mechanism obtained through optimization, particle swam method, and an integrative computing platform that combines the home energy simulator and MATLAB together for demand response development and evaluation. A lot more number of demand response strategies are developed and evaluated through computational experiment technique. This work investigates and compares characteristics of different demand response strategies and how they are affected by dynamic pricing tariffs, seasons, and weather. A simple bidirectional communication device between the power supplier and the consumer enables the implementation of the proposed model.

 Demonetisation, a commendable step taken by Modi government which is withdrawal of a particular currency from its circulation so as to curb the black money and to create the cashless transactions across the country. Terrorist funding, money laundering, counterfeit currency notes and black money being the specific most reasons behind the move of demonetisation. For the first time, demonetisation came into picture in 1946, and in 1978 for the second time and this is the third time in India . Demonetisation lead to various identifiable challenges faced by the general public. This paper elucidates the impact of demonetisation on the availability of the finances by the government and throwing light on the pros and cons of demonetisation.

The objective of this study was to design a singulation system for proper presentation of rice kernels to be analyzed by vision-based rice inspection systems. In order to achieve this goal, several ideas were examined and the preference of each design over the others was evaluated using the Multi-Criteria-Analysis (MCA) method. The proposed designs included a grooved conveyor belt, dual conveyor singulation device, vibrating tray, circular positioning device, and ejection nozzles. The assessment criteria considered in this research included complexity, fabrication cost, feasibility of implementation, singulation speed, and singulation accuracy. After executing the MCA method, the dual conveyor singulation design was selected as the best design for implementation. A prototype of the selected idea was then constructed and its performance was evaluated practically at different transmission frequencies (TFs) of the conveyor’s variable speed drive and discharge rate (DR) of kernels on the conveyor surface. Results of evaluation showed that in all of the DRs the singulation efficiency increased with transmission frequency. The results also revealed that for all of the evaluated TFs, increasing the discharge rate decreased the singulation efficiency. For all of the evaluated DRs, a somewhat irregular increase was observed in the number of singulated kernels with increasing TF. The highest singulation efficiency was equal to 93.09 % which was obtained at DR of 60 g/min and TF of 60 Hz. The highest number of singulated kernels was equal to 94.75, on the average, which was achieved at DR of 60 g/min and TF of 50 Hz

Press tool manufacturing is one of the widely emerging trends in production area. Basically sheet metal components are produced using press tools. In this work, Design and analysis procedure to develop bending press tool is discussed. The components manufactured using this process exhibits high dimensional accuracy therefore automobile and aircraft firm depend largely on press tools. The purpose of carrying out analysis is to prevent the costly tryouts and thus optimize the quality and rate of production.

Generally the soil quality improvements through stabilization include better soil gradation, reduction of plasticity index or swelling potential, and increases in durability and in strength. The tensile strength and stiffness of a soil layer can be improved through the use of additives and thereby permit a reduction in the thickness of the stabilized layer and overlying layers within the pavement system. According to Sherwood (1995) and Little (1999), lime stabilization can be used to either modify or stabilize clays. The strength of lime mixture depends to a great extent on the quantity of lime added above lime fixation point. (i.e. it changes the Plasticity Index of soil). In this experiment Indian A-7a type black cotton sol is used. In this paper soil subgrade characteristics are determined by using 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, lime ( by weight of soil) stabilization techniques & a graphical representation is made % of stabilization Vs PI values. So gradually PI value of soil decreases. But some time in the field plasticity of soil, especially black cotton soil changes very rapidly in this case the advantage of this graph is one can easily get some rough idea about changes soil characteristics due to applications of lime stabilization, when the soil becomes highly plastic to non plastic. Finally a semi empirical formula is made to get an idea about Plastic Index value of A-7a type black cotton soil (As per Highway Research Board of India) due to application of lime stabilization within range of 0 to 12% of lime by weight of soil. This paper also help full to determine how the subgrade strength varies with lime stabilization.

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia are often undiagnosed, and can be discovered in case of complications such as obstruction.We reported a case of delayed presentation of post traumatic diaphragmatic rupture with herniation and strangulation of stomach, transverse colon, and the jejunum of a 52-year-old patient who had a fracture of acetabulum six month back following road traffic accident. The diagnosis was suspected based on the clinical features of obstruction and air- filled viscera in the left hemithorax. Diagnosis was confirmed by an abdominal and thoracic computerized tomography (CT) scan.Exploratory laparotomy revealed a diaphragmatic rupture with strangulation of the stomach, transverse colon and the jejunum. The treatment consisted of the reduction of the herniated organs and closure of the diaphragmatic defect.

The main thrust of the paper could be brought down to the thesis that the concept of middle class is an oxymoron. This is the case because there is a contradiction between the associations pertaining to the adjective part of the term in question and those pertinent to its noun part. "The middle" is a hierarchical term, which fits social stratification rather than class, as class relations generally have a more complex character. The said confusion matters because of some important weaknesses of stratification approaches.

The effect of environmental variables on the species composition and abundance of Phytoplankton was studied in Lake Chad for a period of 12 months in 2013. Five stations with varying anthropogenic activiteis across the Lake were sampled. A total of 33 phytoplankton species belonging to six taxonomic families were identified. Chlorophyceae family was the most abundant (32%) and Chrysophyceae being the least (9%). Numbers of species and individuals were both significantly reduced during the dry season of March to May and it corresponds to reduced water level. Phytoplankton numbers varied from 1.1x10²org/ l to 5.3x10²org/l with the highest density noted in the raininy season. Statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between seasons were discovered in the case of number of taxa and density. In terms of abundance by station, station 3 had the highest number of species (30) which was significantly different at P<0.05 from all other stations. The mean temperature value ranged from 26.8± 0.23 ?(Station 1) to 30.3±1.8 (Station 4). The highest mean depth of 8.5±0.74m was recorded by Station 3 with station 5 recording the least (4.5±0.1m). Station 4 was the most turbid (56±3.5NTU) and station 1 the least 43.3±1.2 NTU). The pH value was acidic for all stations wh?le Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) was very significantly higher P<0.05 in station 2 (80±0.56) while lowest value of 23±0.78mg/l was recorded in station 5. The Shannon Weiner and Margalef diversity index revealed that station 3 had the biggest diversity (1.681)(6.675) while station 1 recorded the least (0.695)(3.001) in both richness and eveness respectively. Considering the importance of phytoplanktons in the trophic function and health of water bodies, regular assessment of their status should be done regularly especially in areas with threats of anthropogenic perturbations.

The effects of annealing on the structural, morphological and optical band gap of chemically deposited cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that both the as-deposited and annealed CdSe thin films had three major peaks corresponding to the cubic structure of CdSe with a preferred orientation along the (111) plane. After annealing, the intensity of the major peaks became more pronounced and a new low intensity peak was observed. There was also a slight shift in peak positions towards smaller 2? angles. The average crystallite size increased after annealing whereas the microstrain and dislocation density decreased. The SEM micrographs of the annealed thin film showed a slight improvement in crystallinity and uniformly distributed all over the surface of the substrate without voids. The optical energy band gap of the thin films decreased from 1.86 eV to 1.74 eV after annealing.