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Today, Literacy is one of the most important parameters to evaluate an area or region’s development phase. Literacy accelerates the social, cultural, economic, political condition and that it has a strong relationship with regional development. Banaras has ever remained the great centre of Hindu culture and civilization. The two religions, Buddhism and Hinduism, which still influence the thought of almost half the world, received their impulse and strength from this city (cf.Singh, R.L.1955). This city records a settlement history since ca. 1000 BCE. However, the present city has grown during the early 18th century. Since ancient period, Varanasi has become the great centre of learning, education and research and presently the city is the chair of ancient oriental and modern learning. It has vast scope of the education for the people of the country and abroad. Despite of these educational institutions and facilities the overall literacy in Varanasi is very poor. The present paper is an attempt to Study the trend and pattern of literacy in Varanasi City on the ward level and to highlight the problems, impact, and suggestions for the improvement of literacy in the City. The results are presented through various maps and tables generated in ArcGIS. Tables and data is calculated on the basis of 2001 census.

Abstract Tribal communities have rich knowledge about medicinal plants and its uses. The traditional livelihood system of tribal people (also known as adivasis) has been based on shifting cultivation and collection of edible forest produce. The area is hilly and has dam and innumerable number of streams which swell up during rainy season. An ethnobotanical survey particularly the uncultivated plant used by them other than medicinal purposes was carried out among the Kaani tribes in various tribal villages of Kanyakumari district, South Western Ghats of Tamilnadu. Forests in the study area hold thousands of medicinal plants which are used by the tribal people for primary healthcare needs. The medicinal plants were mostly used to cure asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cold, cough, fever, headache, stomachache, diarrhoea, dysentery, skin diseases, poison bites, cut/ wounds, diabetes. Medicinal plants used by Kaani have been listed along with plant parts used with its ethnomedicinal significance.

The embryologic growth of the vagina is still uncertain. The urogenital sinus and the mesonephric (wolffian) and paramesonephric ducts possibly all play a part in the development of the vagina. Duplication, agenesis, mesonephric duct remnants, and hymen abnormalities are amongst the more common congenital anomalies of the vagina. Due to close developmental correlation between the genital and the urinary tracts, relations of anomalies in both systems are common. Mullerian malformations are normally associated with abnormalities of the renal and axial skeletal systems, and they are frequently the first encountered when patients are originally inspected for related conditions.

Rapid growth of internet and market globalization, have led the organizations to try on attracting customers in such competitive electronic market. In this battle, the only way to gain competitive advantage and becoming market’ leader, is providing highly qualified electronic services. In this research, the quality of Tejarat Bank’ e-services in Iran and its relation with customer satisfaction have been evaluated. The research is an applied descriptive survey. The dimensions of e-banking services’ quality include Efficiency, Reliability, Security, Privacy, Trust, Responsiveness, Contact, Website Design, Service Variety. The population contains all of Internet banking customers of Tehran. Sample volume was calculated by Cochran method and was 270. Then, a questionnaire was designed based on SERVPERF questionnaire framework and was distributed among the respondents. The calculated data were analyzed through SPSS. The results for first hypothesis showed that e-banking services of Tejarat Bank had an optimum quality of the customers’ viewpoint with 95% significance. The results of second hypothesis showed that, with 95% of significance, there was a positive relation between service quality and customer satisfaction. Also, the dimensions of Efficiency, Reliability, Service Variety, Responsiveness, Website design and Privacy had the most relation with customer satisfaction, respectively

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded as one of the most outstanding multicarrier modulation technique in fourth generation (4G) wireless networks, which makes it possible to transfer very high bit rates despite extensive multipath radio propagation (echoes). The use of smart antenna arrays both at transmitter and receiver further increases the bit rate and enhance the system diversity on time variant and frequency selective channels resulting in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration. However one of the main disadvantages associated with MIMO-OFDM is the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitter’s output signal on different antennas. High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) for MIMO-OFDM system is still a demanding area and difficult issue. So far numerous techniques based on PAPR reduction have been proposed. In this paper a new method based on the combination of OSTBC Encoder andSpreading code sequence have been implemented and simulated. The results obtained are compared with earlier results based on transformtechniques.Simulations show that better results are obtained in proposed technique.

Ferrous, non-ferrous metals and alloys are melts and reshape them into finished shape through pouring molten metal into a mold cavity through solidification. The present review confines itself to the literature on the understanding of necessary conditions that are affect the casting properties i.e.grain nucleation, grain growth and other properties of solidified finished shape. After completion of nucleation, solidification process will continue with the growth of nuclei. The number of nucleation sites in casting nucleation and growth of grain refinement can be achieved by increasing the grain refinement is important. In general, finer grain size leads to high mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, toughness, fatigue strength and yield. Mechanical properties and grain refinement can be achieved by the mold rotation, mechanical vibration and electromagnetic stirring. In this paper also review the cooling rate, nucleation presents, grain size, grain growth and solidification behavior change under static and oscillatory casting conditions.

Today, the violence against women is the most pervasive yet under recognized social problem, not only in India but also throughout the world. It is present in every country, cutting across boundaries of culture, class, education and age. More significantly, with the increasing trend of urbanization the number of cases of violence against women has rapidly grown over the years. Hence in the present study an attempt is made to analyze the relationship between urbanization and increasing violence against women. For the said purpose, the data on the total number of cases registered under major six types of violence against women (Rape, Kidnapping of Women & Girls, Dowry Deaths, Cruelty by husband/in laws, Molestation & Sexual Harassment and PIT Act) during the period of 2001 to 2011 has been collected from all the police stations of all the seven divisions of Bangalore city. In the present study the pattern of violence against women in Bangalore city particularly during the period of 2001 to 2011 has been examined in the larger context of Indian society. The major casual factors for the violence against women have been discussed from sociological perspective. Further, important suggestions have been made to reform the existing legislative system regarding violence against women and at the end to provide gender justice in all the sections of the society.

To evaluate the financial conditions and performance of a company, the financial analysis needs certain yardsticks. Among the variables, tools are employed in analyzing the financial information contained in the financial statements. Ratio analysis is a widely used tool, which is relevant in assessing the performance of a firm in respect of liquidity position, long-term, solvency. In additional to this, it helps to predict the financial distress of the business. An attempt has been made in the present study to have an insight into the examination of financial health of the organization using Z-Score analysis.

Relationship marketing means establishing long term relationship with the customers. As loyal customers serve as a profitable source for a company so companies use different techniques to make them loyal. Membership cards have become quite a popular technique of relationship marketing. Companies are increasing targeting the elements that reflect the customers’ emotional bonding with companies. In this research an attempt done to determine different elements of affective loyalty and the role of loyalty programs in determining the difference between members and non members regarding these affective loyalty variables. Data is collected through questionnaire and analysed through independent sample t test. The results reveal that there is significant difference between members and non members for all dimensions of affective loyalty.

Carbon fibers have been considered as so important reinforcements for aluminum alloys in manufacturing advanced composite materials. Composite materials have been used in automobile, ships aircraft, sports goods and so on. This study discussed the experimental results on tensile strength and modulus of three samples, at different orientations and constant volume fraction of 60% of carbon fibers reinforced aluminum matrix composites at low temperatures. Several experimental tests have been carried out at longitudinal (0°) and transverse (90°) directions of composite specimens using an environmental test chamber with a universal testing machine. Thermo-mechanical tensile loads at strain rate of (0.0015 s-1) were applied to carbon fiber/Aluminum laminates at room temperature (RT=23 0C, zero 0C, -15 0C and -30 0C). The results indicated that low temperatures have a significant effect on mechanical properties i-e tensile and modulus. It was found that the tensile strength for sample S1 reduced as the temperature decrease for both directions while S2 didn’t effect by low temperatures in transverse direction but the strength was reduced at -30 0C by 10% compared to RT in longitudinal direction. It was also observed that for S3, the tensile strength was reduced at -30 0C for both directions. The modulus of the three samples was increased as the temperature reduced. The experimental results also indicated that the strength and modulus for the three samples are higher in longitudinal laminates compared to transverse laminates at low temperatures.