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Objectives: To Study the efficacy of backward training program me on agility and quadriceps strength. Design: Pre Post test study. Setting: Jamia Hamdard University, Participants: 30 healthy university students (18 -25 yrs). Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned into three groups (A,B and C). Group A ( N = 10) performed backward walking (4 kmph), Group B (N=10) performed backward running(5.6 kmph) for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week) and Group C (N=10) was the control group. Before and after the intervention, all the subjects completed the following tests: agility- T test and measurement of quadriceps strength. Outcome Measures: Agility, quadriceps strength. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that both the backward walking and backward running improved the quadriceps strength after 6 week of training. In addition, while backward running was found to be effective in improving the agility performance, the backward walking group did not show significant increase .Control group showed no improvement in agility and quadriceps strength.

Since the number of server providing the facilities for the user is usually more than one, the authentication protocols for multi-server environment are required for practical applications. Most of password authentication schemes for multi-server environment are based on static ID, so the adversary can use this information to trace and identify the user's requests. It is unfavorable to be applied to special applications, such as e-commerce. In this paper, we develop a secure dynamic ID based remote user authentication scheme to achieve user's anonymity. The proposed scheme only uses hashing functions to implement a robust authentication scheme for the multi-server environment. It provides a secure method to update password without the help of third trusted party. The proposed scheme does not only satisfy all requirements for multi-server environment but also achieve efficient computation. Besides, our scheme provides complete functionality to suit with the real applications.

The cyclic voltammetric measurement and molecular interaction studies using ultrasonic technique of Cu(II),Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) complexes of 4-Amino-3, 6-Bis [[4-[[4-Chloro-6-[(3-Sulfophenyl) Amino]-1,3,5-Triazin-2-Yl]Amino]-2-Sulfophenyl]Azo]-5-Hydroxy-2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid hexasodium compound using DMSO, have been studied at 303 K. The cyclic voltammetric were carried out using a stationary platinum electrode in DMSO with 0.1M tetrabutylammonium per chlorate (TBAP) as a supporting electrolyte. The measured values of ultrasonic velocity, density, acoustical parameters, adiabatic compressibility and free length are evaluated. From these properties the parameters have been studied the nature and strength of the interactions in these complexes and oxidation, reduction behaviors were discussed.

Now a day we are facing drinking water problems in our life. In course of time we will more struggle of this problem due to shortage of the drinking water, since water is more essential for every family or every human to live, in parallel ground water level is going down gradually. In this paper we have designed and implemented an embedded system based water distribution rationally for homes using RFID Technology, which can be organized in streets and required places. In this system only authorized members can obtain the required water for homes. This system consists of various devices like, microcontroller, keyboard, LCD, RFID reader and stepper motor. The RFID reads the id number from passive tag and sends to the microcontroller, if the id number is valid then microcontroller request to the authorized person’s password. After verifying the password the microcontroller request to enter the required water quantity (eg.50 liters per day), then the controller sends the control signals to open the gate vole by stepper. This system is more constructive to protect the wastage of waters and man power is reduced. Here the water filling of main tank, based on bore well water level is automated.

Issues related to inequality in access to land, compensation and land use administration often become difficult to tackle especially in post conflict situations where settlers and the indigenes live in disharmony breeding further grievances that eventually lead to more conflict. This study examined issues related to settled land for resettlement scheme and compensation to native of a community in Bauchi State of Northern Nigeria. The study used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse 350 questionnaires administered. The findings of the study revealed that 65.7% of the displaced persons settled on land not officially allocated to them while over 70% of the natives indicted that they were not satisfied with the compensation exercise. The study recommended among other things that land belonging to a community should not be allocated to settlers from other communities for resettlement purposes as this breeds further conflict and where land is compulsorily acquired for overriding public interest it should be adequately compensated.

This study examines Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Achievement Motivation among Adolescents. Sample of the study consists of 100 adolescents (50 males and 50 females) who were taken from colleges of district Multan and Lodhran. The age range of the sample was between 15 to 18 years. Two different scales were used to measure the level of emotional intelligence and achievement motivation. “Achievement Motivation scale” by Henry Murray (1983) described the need for achievement as desire “to accomplish something difficult; to master, manipulate or organize, to overcome obstacle and attain a high standard; to excel one’s self”. “Emotional Quotient Test” which is valid and reliable scale consisting of 12 items (Saima Cheema, 2005). Results indicated that emotional intelligence influenced the development of achievement motivation in positive manner and female adolescents had higher level of emotional intelligence as compared to male adolescents.

This study examined the factors driving economic growth in Nigeria from the period of 1981-2014 using Johansen co-integration and VECM analysis technique to test for the existence of co-integration between the variables of this study and causal impacts. The result found that there is no causal relationship between labour and economic growth in Nigeria and causality do not run from labour to economic growth. Also, there is a causal relationship between economic growth and capital in Nigeria, and capital is causing changes in economic growth in Nigeria. There is also a causal relationship between capita and labour, the granger causality result shows that there is a causal relationship between labour and capital. This study therefore recommend that the government should use expansionary monetary and fiscal policies that reposition the structure of Nigerian economy to revive economic activities in the economy which will help rise both labour and capital for increased growth rate.

In this paper, we have considered the problem of estimating the population mean of study character using mean square error by double sampling the non-respondents. Two generalized estimators for estimating the population mean using auxiliary character under two different cases are proposed. Further the problem has been extended to the wider classes of estimators, which include several generalized estimators as a particular member. The bias, mean square error and optimum property of the proposed classes of estimators have been obtained under different cases. The efficiency of the proposed classes of estimators has also been shown through the theoretical and empirical studies. 

The Indian retail sector is going through a transformation and this emerging market is witnessing a significant change in its growth and investment pattern. Both existing and new players are experimenting with new retail formats. The growth and potential of the sector is being widely acknowledged both in the domestic as well as international forums. India topped AT Kearney’s Global Retail Development Index 2009 for the third consecutive year, retaining its position in the global market as the most preferred retail destination amongst emerging markets. Consumer dynamics in India is changing and the retailers need to take note of this and formulate their strategies and tactics to deliver value to the consumer. This paper investigates main advantages and disadvantages of modern retail developments and growth of modern formats in this country.

There has been an ongoing debate about the importance of the English language. Employers are lamenting that new graduates these days lack communicative proficiency in English. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors which contribute to English proficiency in Chinese students in Johor Bahru. Investigating the factors that contribute to English proficiency might partially explain the occurrence of underachievement in the learning English. The study was conducted with a self-reported questionnaire as an instrument. Data was collected from a sample of 119 students from Southern College, a Chinese community run college based in Johor Bahru. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 11.5. Descriptive statistics showed that respondents have interest in the language but lack confidence and motivation in using English. The independent variables which were hypothesized factors were correlated with the dependent variables. Findings showed that although parents and close significant others do have influence on the respondents’ attitude and perception towards the English language, their English proficiency grades were not influenced by them. In conclusion, socializing factors such as family members and significant others are not significant contributors to English proficiency in Chinese students in Johor Bahru but they do contribute to the positive attitude and perception towards English that many of the respondents have.