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A thorough understanding of adolescence in today’s society depends on information from various perspectives, most importantly from the areas of psychology, biology, history, sociology, education and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, it is safe to say that adolescence is viewed as a transitional period whose chief purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles. During this transition period, adolescence people are facing many challenges due to the incredible changes in physically, mentally, emotionally, intellectually and psychologically. Due to the gender, adolescent girls’ challenges in the above aspects are higher only. The present study investigates almost all the relevant factors that are acting as the challenges faced by adolescent girls in the present social and educational scenario. A cognitive map shows a representation of how humans think about a particular issue, by analyzing, arranging the problems and graphically mapping concepts that all interconnected. In addition, it identifies causes and effects and explains causal links with exact degree [1]. As the problems of adolescents’ belong to an unsupervised data, the most suitable tool is Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) which is the cognitive map with fuzzy degree. Hence analyzing the problems of adolescent girls by giving structured and organized outline of the appropriate factors and revealing the most important and other impactful factors is the objective of this study. In this manner, this study guarantees that its results are much more useful for psychologists, physiologists, educationists, adolescent girls and their parents to understand the problems that adolescent girls really facing in the present scenario.

Chhou dance and gymnastics are having almost the same pattern of movement demand same type of physical fitness components with the different objectives. Both the events required strength, speed, agility, flexibility, co-ordination, balance, rhythm etc. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to compare the physical fitness components between the Gymnasts and the Chhou dancers. Procedures: Total 50 subjects, 25 from each group about 16-20 years of age were considered as the subjects from the district Purulia of West Bengal. The measured criteria were agility and flexibility. Sit and reach test was considered for testing flexibility and SEMO agility test was taken for testing agility. Findings and conclusions: The result showed the significant difference in case of flexibility but the difference in case of agility was not significant. In both the cases the gymnasts showed better performances.

Tetrapleura tetraptera is a medicinal plant of the mimosaceae family. The fruits have drawn much research attention and to the neglect of the seeds. Therefore, this study was focused on the comparative study of the chemical compositions of the seed and fruit of Tetrapleura tetraptera. The results revealed very reasonable values of all the nutrients in both the fruit and seed. However, the seed had higher values of crude fat (9.72 ± 11.1%), ash (8.61 ± 0.81%), carbohydrate (62.95 ± 1.15%) and energy (383.92 ± 6.84g/cal) than the fruit and lower, but comparable, value of crude protein (11.16 ± 0.3%). The seed had higher values of calcium, sodium, potassium and all the trace mineral elements than the fruit. However, magnesium and phosphorus were not detected in the seed. The seed and the fruit were found to be very rich in the B-group vitamins but poor in vitamin C. The seed had higher values of riboflavin (21.2 ± 0.05mg/kg) and niacin (3.4 ± 0.01mg/kg) while the fruit had higher values of ascorbic acid (5.5 ± 1.5mg/100g), thiamine (10.8 ± 0.05mg/kg) and vitamin A (115.50IU/100g). High values of alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids were also revealed in both the seed and fruit. However, the fruit had higher values of alkaloids (4.4 ± 0.02%), flavonoids (8.66 ± 0.08%) and oxalates (0.56 ±0.01%) while the seed had higher values of tannins (2.28 ± 0.05%), Saponins (1.44 ± 0.2%) and HCN (0.22 ± 0.01mg/kg). The varied biological and pharmacological properties of the fruit have been attributed to the presence of such principles as tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids. Therefore, the presence of all these principles in the seed, as well, suggests that the seed can equally serve some medicinal as well as food purposes.

This study is an attempt to find the differences of the progressive aspect in English and Persian, concerning both form and function. To find such differences, first, the structure and the functions of progressive forms in English and Persian are compared and contrasted. And it is explained how differences in grammatical and lexical aspects in these languages account for a higher frequency of progressive forms in English. Then, all the past progressive verbs in a selected English text are compared with their counterparts in the Persian translation text. The selected texts consist of 11 chapters of the English novel ‘Jane Eyre’ by Charlotte Bronte (1950) and its Persian translation by Mohammad Taghi Bahrami-harran (1998). The data shows a clearly higher frequency of progressive form in English compared with the Persian. Based on the contrastive analysis done the reasons for such difference are; differences in functions related to lexical aspects inherited in verbs, employing an imperfective form in the Persian system which has no grammatical realization in English, expressing progressive meaning through lexical realization in some Persian sentences, and impermissibility of negative progressive form in Persian.

In this paper, the structure of Hybrid Power Flow Controller (HPFC) is proposed in order to improve static voltage stability characteristics. HPFC forms a hybrid controller using IPFC series converters as a hybrid with existing parallel and passive compensator (SVC) in power system. Utilization of hybrid structures makes it possible to use converters for improving performance of both old and existing compensators in power networks. In this study, the power injection model (PIM) is used to model the hybrid power flow controller in Newton load flow. The aforementioned model is simulated in MATLAB software. The P-V curves of PQ buses of a typical system are evaluated by a continuous power flow (CPF) method to analyses the effect of this controller on static voltage stability characteristics. Meanwhile, SVC as existing devices in the system and UPFC and IPFC as state-of-the-art compensator devices are compared with the proposed hybrid structure. The amount of active and reactive power loss and improvement of loading limit of the system are used as main parameters in our comparison.

The Present Study discusses women labour absorption in paddy crop with special Reference to Salem District Tamilnadu. Most of the developing countries through the emphasis on industrialization, the agriculture continues to be the main source of employment of the people in these countries. The absorption of women in agriculture and allied activities is in no way insignificant in these countries.

Supporting different data structures and their variations in both static and dynamic aspects are one of the challenges in programming languages. One of the data structures is property list of which applications use it as a convenient way to store, organize, and access standard types of data. In this paper, the solution methods for implementation Property List as Link List, Hash and Tree are reviewed. Then an efficient way to implement the property list as Set is presented and compared with the existing methods.

Schistosomiasis is endemic in many countries affecting more than 200 million people worldwide mostly those living in rural and agricultural areas. A survey of the prevalence of schistosomiasis, its predisposing factors and snail host species was carried out in Zvishavane district, Zimbabwe, from March to November 2010. Prevalence of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis was determined from volunteers’ stools and urine using the Kato Katz technique. Predisposing factors to schistosomiasis were investigated through the use of questionnaires and field observations. Snail species responsible for the spread of the different schistosoma species in the district were determined by collecting snails from three major rivers; namely Runde, Ngezi and Manjere. A total of 250 patients (130 males and 120 females) participated in the study and a total of 168 were infected (67.2% schistosomiasis prevalence). This was despite the widespread knowledge (95% of the respondents knew about schistosomiasis) of the disease. S. haematobium prevalence was higher (60.4%) than S. mansoni prevalence (6.8%). Unsafe sources of drinking, washing and irrigation water like dams and rivers were to blame for the high incidence of schistosomiasis. Three snail species were collected; Bulinus globosus (12 individuals), Melanoides turberculata (9) and Bulinus tropicus (9) but only B.globosus shed cercariae.

In this work the antibacterial activity of several steroid derivatives (compounds 1, 2 and 3)againstE. coli,S. Typhi,K. pneumoniae and S. aureuswas performed according to NCCLS (now CLSI)²² with some modifications. The results indicate that compounds 1, 2 and 3 induce antibacterial activity against both K. pneumoniaeand S. Typhiin a dose-dependent way.In addition, the growth bacterial of E. coliwas inhibited in presence of the compound 2 and 3. These experimental data obtained in this study, suggest that antibacterial activity of steroid derivatives against to E. coli, K. pneumoniae, V. cholerae and S. tiphy may depend of chemical structure.

This paper is built upon studies of defining an aesthetic philosophy and criteria of Timeless architecture, and using it to enhance building effect on users. After an argument was made for the justification of the concepts manifested for a timeless architectural aesthetic over the continuation of the current paradigm. As principles of a timeless aesthetic architecture are established: that timelessness represents a practical philosophy, that timelessness serves as the concept generator in the design process, and that timeless architecture is universally specific to the constraints of its concepts and style. three case studies are thereby examined in relation to these principles as well as more qualitative and quantitative evaluation factors, and criteria for built environment. The objective hereby is to analyze the selected buildings [to determine presence of timelessness quality. The results is evaluated according to the table of analysis developed in the Comprehensive Theoretical Foundation that resulted in the set of criteria for timeless buildings. Thus, the buildings are subjected in a comparative analysis to the checklist produced in the study to prove whether its timelessness complies with the study or not.