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The transfer reactive power from production source to consumption areas during steady-state operating conditions is a major problem of voltage stability. Hence voltage stability enhancement margin is interrelated with Reactive power loss (RPL). In practical, the power system network has 80-90% inductive loads. When the loads are increased, the line currents are increased, reflecting to the increase in Reactive power loss. This will leads to voltage instability that means the power system gets closer to the instability point. Reactive power can be dispatched effectively to maintain acceptable voltage levels. Maintaining viable voltage levels are very important to avoid voltage collapse. The optimal allocation of a VAR compensator is implemented using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). These two algorithms are implemented considering its less memory requirement and inherent simplicity. Simulation is carried out by using MATLAB Software for IEEE 14 bus system and the results are presented and analysed.

One of the most sensitive features of the sheet metal forming is the elastic recovery during unloading called springback. Sheet metals are prone to some amount of springback depending on elastic deformation. Obtaining the desired size and design of die depends on the knowledge of the amount of this springback. So the accurate prediction of the springback is very important. The springback is affected by the factors such as sheet thickness, material properties, tooling geometry etc. In this paper the effect of various parameters such as sheet thickness, ratio of die radius to sheet thickness, strength coefficients on springback are studied. Also a Neural Network prediction model is prepared and the results of FEA and NN model are compared for springback.

A ciliate Coleps hirtus is primarily a member of the Prostomatea (Schewiakoff, 1896), subclass Hypotrichia. During the period two years Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2008 total number of 1626(677 in Jan. to Dec. 2007 and 947 in Jan. to Dec. 2008) samples was examined, the number of positive samples with Coleps sp. was 281. The percentage prevalence was 14.33 and 19.43 respectively. Morphologically it show barrel shaped body with number of rectangular peculiar calcareous plates and three spinous processes at the posterior side. The characters help to understand this species even in swimming condition.

The study undertaken the explored the factors of Quality of working-life experiences in organizations. The factor analysis of the component ‘quality of working-life experiences’ led to the extraction of the factors from various organizations. The most points were “Career Growth”, “Work Stress” and “Job Satisfaction”. The results indicate that these factors have substantial roles to play in satiating the needs of the employees and how at middle managerial level different aspects are valued and employed for developing a unique and inimitable quality of working life within their socio-technical systems for eliciting favorable job-related responses.

A brief review of the structural reliability design methodology and its applications at system level are compiled from various sources. The main objective of this study is to present the developments in the reliability based analysis and design of land based structures, marine structures specially a diaphragm wall of a berthing structures. The present paper discusses right from the basic concepts of risk, reliability, safety and the methodologies to define reliability in a quantitative manner to aid to design a structure for a given reliability and the reliability concepts applied to aging structures, creep, shrinkage and serviceability, application of reliability analysis in other fields such as geotechnical engineering, design of marine structures, etc.,. To avoid unforeseen failure, the structural designs often undertake the concept of a safety factor to reduce the probability of failure or to increase the reliability. Analysis need to be carried out using Monte Carlo simulation assessing the partial factors, levels of risk and degree of uncertainty.

Micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS)also known as micro fabricated systems(MS) has evoked a greater interest in scientific and engineering communities. This is generally because of smaller size and better performance than other solutions, cost effective integration with electronics, large reduction in power consumption, etc…In this project SIMULATION OF HEART DISORDERS were detected using three equations such as FitzHugh-Nagumo equation, Landau-Ginzburg equation and Hermite-Quadratic element equation. We used the fourth order Hermite element for the complex landau-ginzburg equation because of less nonlinearit nonlinearites. We have used COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS for the simulations.

Karandamalai is one of the floristically rich hill ranges in Eastern Ghats harbors many rare, endemic and endangered plants. During 2006-2007, the present author has made extensive botanical explorations in this hill range which resulted in the collection of several interesting plants. A total of 23 species belonging to 21 genera under 14 families were discussed in the present communication. This includes one new species Tylophora thiyagarajariae R. Kottaimuthu and four new records for Eastern Ghats. A new name Caralluma ravikumariae R. Kottaimuthu, is proposed for Caralluma adscendens var. gracilis.

In this paper, we consider the stability of the An Alternating Direction Explicit Scheme for solving two-dimensional Sine-Gordon Equation .The derivation of the An Alternating Direction implicit Scheme schemes was presented. The stability and consistency of the scheme are described . The scheme is found to be unconditionally stable and convergent.

There is an increasing state and private sector investment in community- irrigation schemes in Africa. Both governments and private sector investors are equally concerned about the willingness to pay and affordability of such schemes to local farmers. Others are equally concerned about sustainability of public investments in irrigation infrastructure, production enhancement, operation and maintenance costs, climate variability, market failure, externalities, decreasing marginal costs and cost recovery. Investors are worried about return on investments (ROI) when investing in such risky areas and advise farmers and government to use appraisal tools such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and accounting rate of return (ARR). In a study conducted in three provinces of Mozambique, Maputo, Sofala and Zambezia involving five districts (Boane, Magude, Manhica, Gorongoza and Mopei) where questionnaires and interviews were conducted with 281 farmers, it was established that farmers were not willing to pay operation and maintenance costs, embarked on collective action, thus frustrating the government’s efforts to recover costs. There is an increasing perception that community irrigation schemes remain reliant on state subsidies and financial analysis projected through NPV, IRR and ARR is not often translated into sustainable return on investment (ROI) for both the private sector and government investors. This paper looks at strategic investment initiatives of the Government of Mozambique and the private sector in terms of yielding sustainable irrigation and agricultural outputs and ensuring long-term benefits for both farmers and investors. The paper attempts to balance issues of investment appraisal systems and endogenous factors that are relevant in dealing with irrigation schemes.

Synthetic dyes are indispensable to the textile and dyeing industries. Among all synthetic dyes, azo dyes are the most common, being used up to 90 percent of the tonnage, as they are versatile and easy to synthesize. Yet many azo dyes are toxic and cause genetic mutations. Even a very low concentration of these dyes in industrial effluents is enough to do great damage to the environment. Textile effluent is known to contain strong color, large amount of suspended and dissolved solids, and high BOD and COD concentration. Because of these characteristics, treatment of textile effluent has been a rather difficult task. Several processes have been attempted and reported in literature for removal of dyes present in the textile effluents such as adsorption, membrane separation and biological treatment etc. Among this biological treatment method are found to be cost effective and gives high efficiency over other methods for the removal of dye compounds present in the textile effluent and hence in this present work an attempt is made to reduce the BOD, COD, TDS and TSS using biological method.