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In the present study, anticorrosive action of the arecanut seed extract on the surface of copper in both 0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M NaOH systems was screened by weight loss and electrochemical methods. The protection efficiency of the inhibitor is directly proportional to its concentration and inversely proportional to copper immersion time and solution temperature. The copper corrosion inhibition process is related to adsorption of arecanut seed extract constituents on the copper surface and which is associated with Langmuir adsorption model. Morphological variations on the metal surface in unprotected and protected conditions were screened by scanning electron microscopy technique.

This paper focus on the investigation of kinetic and thermodynamic characteristic of adsorption of Pb2+ ions unto functionalized Nigerian Ahoko Kaolin. The adsorption rate of Pb2+ onto the TPP-functionalized and the un-functionalized kaolin was found to increase from 0.479 to 1.915 and 0.340 to 1.894 (mgg-1min-1) in the first 10 min while increasing the initial Pb2+ concentration from 250-1000 mg/L. There was decrease in adsorption thereafter attaining equilibrium after 70 min. Increase in temperature from 298 to 323 k increase both the pseudo-second order reaction rate constant K2 and the initial sorption rate h on both the functionalized and un-functionalized kaolin. The values of K2 increase from 0.365 to 0.426 (mgg-1min-1) and 0.217 to 0.296 (mgg-1 min-1). The values of enthalpy obtained suggest that the adsorption process is endothermic in both material used with the functionalized kaolin showing higher endothermic behavior. The values for entropy and enthalpy are 106.40 and 33318.82 (kJmol-1) for functionalized kaolin and 109.78 and 34624.73 (kJmol-1) for the un-functionalized kaolin. The adsorption process follows a pseudo-second order reaction path.

The participation of Government of Kenya in the Jomtien Conference in 1990, and its subsequent endorsement of EFA Declaration, re-enforced the commitment Kenya had on the provision of education to its citizens. The events related to the development of education sector in the country following the Jomtien Conference exhibit how Kenya has tried to domesticate the EFA Declarations. Two crucial events laid the foundation for domesticating EFA commitments in the country. These are-: National Conference on Education for All held in Kisumu in 1992, and National Symposium on the Education of the Girl-Child held in Machakos in 1994. Education for all is not about putting children in a classroom. It is about providing children with a qualified teaching professional in acceptable teaching and learning environment. While it is extremely encouraging that the Kenya government took the first bold step in implementing free primary education in 2003, this achievement has not been without challenges. This paper examines the progress, challenges and the strategies and the government in trying to achieve education for all.

Islamic finance is currently the fastest growing segment in the world economy. Apart from providing funds for investment activities and eventually promoting economic development, it is interesting to understand the implication of Islamic finance development on the development of institutional quality of host country. With Islamic finance is based on Islamic values of no oppression, profit and loss sharing and helping-hand concept, it is expected that the rapid growth of Islamic finance will help to promote good institutions. Hence, focusing on several OIC countries with Islamic banking sector, this study examines the role of Islamic banking on institutional quality for the period between 2001 and 2015. The result shows the institutional quality depends on economic growth and Islamic finance development. Policy makers are encouraged to spur economic activity and the growth of Islamic banking in promoting good institutions.

The kinetics of oxidation of cyclohexanol by PDC has been studied in non-aqueous medium. In this oxidation Cr(VI) is working as two-electron oxidizing agent. The reaction is first order with respect to each [oxidant], [TsOH] and [cyclohexanol]. The reaction is catalyzed by hydrogen ions. Low dielectric constant of the medium favors the reactivity. The observed experimental data have been rationalized as follows: the formation of dichromate ester in a fast pre equilibrium step and then decomposition of the ester in slow step via a compact transition state leading to the product, cyclohexanone.

Functions of multi-Pendula systems in spatial motion in classical mechanics can be derived using the Lagrangian formalism. Limited research has been done for plane and spatial motion of linearly suspended mass units. This paper is therefore intended for multiple (many) masses linearly connected at varying lengths and for relatively small angular displacements in spatial motion. The objective is to develop governing relations of spatial motions in 3-dimensions for multi- pendula systems set to oscillate in space. The basis of the study is to formulate the Lagrangian for a multi-pendula system in spatial dynamics and determine the Lagangian functions and equations of the resultant motions.

In this work Laser Raman spectroscopy was used for spectroscopic characterization of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) blood samples. Eight samples collected from leukemia patient's type (CLL) were investigated using laser Raman spectrometer. The patients were diagnosed by histopathologies in Radiation and Isotopes Center Khartoum (RICK) and Alamal Hospital. The analysis of the Raman spectra was done for the peaks of proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Significant differences in the spectra of CLL samples, compared with normal blood spectrum, were noticed. The results showed that Laser Raman spectroscopy can be used to diagnose efficiently the CLL via the spectral changes in the intensities of the spectral peaks and the changes in their Raman shifts.

Lead is poisonous heavy metal which is widely used is industries because of its properties. Lead poisoning is one of the rising problems caused by industrialization. Lead can cause neurological disease, gastrointestinal diseases, and infertility in men and even death in high exposure. Lead and lead compounds are widely used in inks paints and other surface coating agents as colouring agents and adhesive agents. In India use of lead and lead compounds in ink, paint and other surface coating agents are regulated by Bureau of Indian Standards. Permissible level of lead in ink is 1000 ppm (0.1%) according to BIS and 600ppm (0.06%) according to US regulations. In this study widely used offset printing inks of 6 manufactures are collected and analysed for lead content (4 colours of each company, CMYK). It was found that international companies have much lower amount of lead compare to Indian manufacturers. Indian companies have very high level of lead in it and they did not meet the specification given by BIS. As extension of study BLL of printing press workers were examined, it was found that workers who handle these Indian company inks have very high level of lead compare to workers who handle international company inks.

The study focused on the marketing performance of Pterocarpus mildbreadii in Ibadan metropolis with a view to identify the socio-economic characteristics of marketers of P. mildbreadii, to estimate costs and returns from marketing of P. mildbreadii and to identify factors influencing the marketing of P. mildbreadii in the study area. The data for the study were collected through the use of structured questionnaires randomly administered to ninety (90) marketers of P. mildbreadii in six (6) selected markets. The result from the study revealed that women (80%) were mainly involved in the marketing of P. mildbreadii being their primary occupation with a higher percentage of the marketers earning above N20, 000 monthly. Profit margin analysis showed that the business is both feasible and viable with the marketing efficiency and rate of return on investment between 1.18-1.90 and 28%-75% respectively. However, marketing of P. mildbreadii in the study area was confronted with some challenges including transportation (52.22%), perishability (14.44%), seasonality (13.33%), poor storage facility (11.11%) and poor market structure (8.90%).

ABSTRACT Let be a fuzzy graph. Let be a subset of . is said to be a fuzzy metric basis of if for every pair of vertices , there exists a vertex such that The number of elements in is said to be fuzzy metric dimension (FMD) of and is denoted by . In this paper, we investigate the bounds for the fuzzy metric dimension of complete fuzzy graph and the bounds for total fuzzy star graph. Next we find the exact values of fuzzy metric dimension of Total graph of fuzzy path and fuzzy cycles and subdivision graph of fuzzy paths, fuzzy cycles and fuzzy star graph.