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Polyaniline/ poly(o-toluidine) /MMT-clay nanocomposites can be prepared by mechano chemical method in which, interaction of precursor anilinium ion into the clay lattices accomplished by mechanical grinding of Na-MMT in presence of anilinium hydrochloride at room temperature using mortar and a pestle for about 30 minutes and subsequent grinding with oxidizing agent, ammoniumperoxysulphate. The appearance of green colour indicates the formation of polyaniline/ poly (o-toluidine)/ MMT-clay nanocomposites. The morphology and structural characteristics of the polyaniline clay nanocomposites were investigated using FTIR, XRD, Cyclic voltammogram and SEM.

New VO(IV), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of the Schiff bases, 2-[(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-ylimino)methyl]-5-nitrophenol (HL1) and 3-[2,4-dihydro-1H-inden-4-ylimino) methyl]napthalen-2-ol (HL2) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, infrared and electronic spectral measurements. The purity of the ligands is confirmed by microanalyses and 1HNMR. The IR spectra show that the ligands are bidentate coordinating via azomethine N and napthalenol/phenol O atoms, and the metal complexes of HL1 exhibit geometric isomerism being in the Cis-form with a lone vC=N band. The metal complexes all assume a 4-coordinate tetrahedral/square planar geometry with exception of the VO(IV) complex which is 5-coordinate square-pyramidal as corroborated by electronic spectra. None is an electrolyte in nitromethane. The Schiff base, HL2, and its metal complexes have higher molar absorptivities of the ligand bands than HL1 and its metal complexes; due to a closer metal to ligand overlap, a consequence of extended conjugation in the naphthalene ring. The in-vitro antibacterial activities of these complexes and their Schiff bases against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows that HL1 and its metal complexes are more active than HL2 and its metal complexes, and the latter compounds have selective inactivity against Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella oxytoca. It is note worthy that [CoL1]2 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity like the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (26.0-30.5 mm), although with smaller inhibitory zones in the range 12.5-17.0 mm.

The study was carried out to characterize selected conglomerates of the Banket Series of the Tarkwaian at Tarkwa area and related the textures and mineralogy to gold grade and recovery. The conglomerates contain 60-90% quartz pebbles, with the matrix being fine to medium and rarely composed of coarse-grained quartz. The gold ore also comprises of minor fine-grained ore minerals, sericite, and chlorite. The quartz pebbles were glassy, milky and partially recrystallized into sugary varieties. Primary sedimentary textural characteristics of sub-rounded to rounded pebbles of about 0.5 cm to 3.0 cm diameter are common. The quartz pebbles are moderately sorted and well packed. Gold in the ore ranges from 0.78 - 3.86 g/t such that high-grade ores had glassy quartz pebbles whiles medium to low-grade ores had sugary varieties. Gold recovery (38.66 - 95.08%), generally increased with increase in the percentage of the matrix volume. It is also higher in ore containing grey quartz and containing much ore minerals; lowest recoveries have high quartz, low matrix volume, and richer in quartz. Also, associated with lower recovery was higher chlorite content which may require more metallurgical treatment for efficient recovery.

In this Research paper an attempt has been made to study and determine the position of Middle class of the country in the current taxation system prevailing in the country. Taxation system in India is undergoing revolutionary changes. Tax holds paramount significance in the economy and in the welfare of the country. Tax is an important source of revenue to the government. Every taxpayer is liable to pay a compulsory charge known as tax. The present paper focuses on the tax burden on the middle Income group person especially salaried class. It is a well-known notion that the middle income group mostly consist of salaried class personals who gets a fixed income in their current account so “they have to pay tax” if they are incurring taxable income. Lower class group is mostly exempted from tax liability whereas higher income group especially business class fills low return. The study also reflects tax effect on individual, salaried income personal and on GDP of the country.

The purpose of this study was to establish the contribution of tourism to the host community’s human capital assets. This study employed qualitative approach by the use of exploratory research design. The target population for this study included the host community, tourism investors, camp managers, Narok County tourism officers and area chief of Mara Naboisho Conservancy. Both purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to select the respondents and information. The study utilized both primary and secondary sources of information. Primary sources included interviews, observations and Focus group discussions. The findings from the study revealed that Tourism in Mara Naboisho has contributed a lot towards job opportunities, entrepreneurial skills and income generation to the host community. It was also found out that tourism contribute significantly to human capital assets to the community in terms of employment creation as well as market for the products and services. This study also recommended that the local community should be empowered to collaborate with the Mara Naboisho Conservancy authorities to set up a location whereby the tourist on their way to the park can make a stopover and have a look at the display of their souvenir and purchase them. The Mara Naboisho Conservancy authorities should support the local community through funding in order to improve the community-based projects and also improve the local sport activities. The study findings are anticipated to provide an insight that will be used by the stakeholders to improve the livelihoods of the community who are directly involved with tourism in Narok County.

The role of growing financial sectors is already marked with good attention of the policy makers, investors, academicians and researchers in Bangladesh. To accelerate and sustain the economic growth, the dimension of finance research is very critical which subsequently results diversified types of researches being conducted continuously in this area. At the same time, assessing the directions of researches is also very important to find out the gap in the research vicinity and to explore uncovered issues keeping in mind that the world of finance is vast and there is little success in Bangladesh in terms of area wise research conducted. Moreover, the financial crisis of the world allows us to think further and look back on the finance researches being conducted and its evolution. This paper is an attempt to analyze the dimensions of financial researches that published in Bangladesh from 1973 to 2006. This study analyzes 549 papers covering from available issues (612 issues out of 750) of 18 journals published by well reputed academic institutions in Bangladesh. This paper categorizes the existing finance publications into different major areas and sub-areas. The category of finance researches is also segmented in three time periods based on the research trend in three decades. Finally the paper highlights the most focused areas and its outcomes, where most of the researches have been conducted but still need to do further study, and unexplored areas, where research works is highly required. This paper will be helpful for the financial institutions, researchers and policy makers.

Although the magnetic field is an indispensible environmental factor for plants in soil, there is dearth of research regarding its effect on plant growth. In order to evaluate the effect of magnetic water on concentration of micronutrient elements in basil leaves, the present experiment was conducted under completely randomized factorial design with two treatments and three replications in greenhouse. The treatments consisted of the kind of water (magnetic and nonmagnetic water) and salinity treatment in three levels (distilled water, 30 mM and 50 mM salinity). The results indicated that the maximum effects on Mn, Zn and Cu concentration in basil leaves were produced by magnetic water. Concerning salinity treatments, the maximum effects on Mn, Zn, Cu and Total Fe in basil leaves were for water with 30 mM salinity. The interaction effects between the kind of water and salinity levels showed that maximum effects on these elements were related to magnetic distilled water.

In this paper, one will treat the increase in the rate in silting and his impact on the reduction in the total capacity in the dam during these twenty last years. In a first approach, the grounds eroded by the streamings will increase the content of sediment in the wadis, and consequently one will assist with the formation more and more currents of density in reserves in arid and semi arid areas. The results showed that the dam Djorf Torba (Bechar), SMBA (Tiaret) and Ksob (Msila) which were classified like dam has weak rate of silting during the years four twenties, today are threatened by the silting; their rates of sedimentation increased considerably. Dam like that of Fodda wadi saw its sluices of drainings blocked following an acceleration of the muddy deposits.

The basic purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of terrorism on Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan. Terrorism attacks throughout the world have disrupted the flow of nation and stock prices. Karachi stock exchange used as dependent variable and terrorism, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, inflation, money supply and industrial production as independent variables. The secondary data used form the sources of Karachi stock exchange, world development indicators and Asia terrorism portal. The time period of data collection (2003-2014) .The data was analyzed by using correlation, descriptive statistics and regression techniques run on E-views. The research findings show that terrorism has negative impact on Karachi stock exchange of Pakistan. When terrorism occurred than foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, and inflation has insignificant and negative relationship with Karachi stock exchange (KSE). This study examines only banks impact/effect of terrorism on Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan by taking twelve years data. The further research can be conduct by taking different segment, more year data and other countries. This study envisions the on the whole impact of terrorist actions, not just a single activity, on the health but also effect all over the factors of the economy. For studying this impact, a Terrorism scale has been developed for this study, based on the impact of every terrorist activity in the country.

The exponential increase in social media usage by consumers necessitates its use in marketing and is considered an imperative for businesses to increase consumer engagement as an additional communication channel to market. The barrier to this engagement may be when social media marketing (SMM) strategies are wanting in the adeptness to engage consumers, which can constrain small business managers (SBMs) successes in competing and increasing sales. SBMs and business owners who fail to reach, and engage consumers, may limit opportunities to increase sales, and lower competitiveness in their sphere of operations, and are at a higher risk of failure. Underpinned by the theory of diffusion of innovation (DOI), the purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple case study was to explore the strategies that SBMs use to develop and effectively implement SMM strategies, in the quest for greater existing and prospective customer engagement. The sample drawn from the study population of business owners included six business managers of six serving successful small businesses in Maryland who used social media marketing strategies successfully for five years, in the efforts are marketing to the customer. Semi-structured interviews serve to collect qualitative data, supplemented with a perusal of financial and other documents of industry and company respectively. A thematic analysis of the data in tandem with the lens of the DOI was instrumental in identifying the major theme of content design and engineering. SBMs could find value from this study findings as may increase knowledge of the SMM strategies that are most beneficial in developing consumer favored SMM content, selecting appropriate social media platforms, and developing effective customer reach and engagement strategies. The potential for business leaders to increase business success also holds beneficial ramifications for increased social and community welfare and prosperity.