Archives-June... 

The main objective of the present paper is to establish a summation formula based on half argument in connection with Hypergeometric function.

Relevant background material about speech recognition is presented, along with a critical review of previous hardware implementations. Accurate real-time speech recognition is not currently possible in the mobile embedded space where the need for natural voice interfaces is clearly important. The continuous nature of speech recognition coupled with an inherently large working set creates significant cache interference with other processes. Hence, real-time recognition is problematic even on high-performance general-purpose platforms. This paper provides a detailed analysis of CMU's latest speech recognizer (Sphinx 3.2.). Several optimizations are then described which expose parallelism and drastically reduce the bandwidth and power requirements for real-time recognition. A special-purpose accelerator for the dominant Gaussian probability phase is developed for a 0:25_ CMOS process which is then analyzed and compared with Sphinx's measured energy and performance on a 0:13_ 2.4 GHz Pentium 4 system. The results show an improvement in power consumption by a factor of 29 at equivalent processing throughput. However after normalizing the process, the special-purpose approach has twice the throughput, and consumes 104 times less energy than the general-purpose processor. The energy-delay product is a better comparison metric due to the inherent design trade-offs between energy consumption and performance. The energy-delay product of the special-purpose approach is 196 times better than the Pentium 4. These results provide strong evidence that real-time large vocabulary speech recognition can be done within a power budget commensurate with embedded processing using today's technology.

This study appraised the current approach, methodology and reporting standards of real estate valuation in Nigeria. Primary data were sourced through structured questionnaires administered to practitioners in Lagos metropolis, while secondary data were mainly from valuation reports prepared by valuers (appraisers) operating within the study area and documents from the regulatory bodies. Using the yardstick of transparency, rationality and consistency - the universal hallmarks of reliable asset pricing; and the International Valuation Standards Committee’s as well as the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors’ recommended “minimum content of valuation report”, the study revealed that the real estate valuation practice in the country presently falls short of international standards and best practices. While acknowledging remedial steps that were recently put in place, the study recommended other measures that will revolutionize the local practice. These include formation of bigger firms, a more proactive regulatory framework and a comprehensive review of training curricular. Substantial amendments to the present national valuation standards and guidance notes to reflect and accommodate the peculiarity and the particular needs of the local market place with adequate measures for enforcement/sanctions should also be considered. Above all, practitioners must be willing to embrace necessary changes in practice.

This paper presents an inventory model for deteriorating item having price dependent demand and partial backlogging. The study of inventory system with deteriorating item has a special significance as it influences the profit and revenue of a retailer. It has been observed that some time item does not start to deteriorates as it comes to the storage so we have consider non instantaneous deteriorating item and its rate of deterioration varies linearly with time. The proposed model has been developed to determine optimal order quantity and optimal selling price for which profit can be maximized. The model is solved analytically by maximizing the total average profit. Sensitiveness of the parameter has been tested by sensitivity analysis and numerical example has been illustrated to explore the solution of the model.

Present study focused on detection of Aspergillus and Curvularia species from contaminated peri-urban agricultural area of Kasur by soil serial dilution method. Genetic variability among the fungi was determined by RAPD technique. Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified with 8 RAPD markers which were previously designed for Aspergillus species. Amplified products of DNA were analyzed electrophoretically and fragments ranging in 250-10000bp were generated. Clustering analysis was accomplished and a significant genetic relation was found in the isolates of these two genera which would be helpful in devising management approaches appropriate to bioremediation of contaminated soils.

In this paper, we define a set of polynomials and two dimensional gamma density function to obtain its expectation formula. Again, we derive the generalized Bosanquet and Kestleman convergence theorem and then use it to evaluate an approximation formula of the series involving this set of polynomials. Finally, we make an application of this approximation formula to derive the generating functions of various hypergeometric functions.

This paper explores the features of the domestic child workers in Bangladesh and then addresses the responses of the governmental initiatives. It aims at analyzing the situation of domestic child workers and then discussing the current initiatives of the government with its limitations, and finally provides some suggestions for way out. The paper argues that the government responses are very inadequate in the light of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in Bangladesh. This way, the paper contributes a dynamic and multi-dimensional understanding of how the government combating domestic child workers’ issue for securing their bright future.

The main contributions of the present work include the design of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for the segmentation and classification of breast cancer. A comparison of segmentation and classification methods of both masses and micro-calcifications, tapping of a new entropy function called Hanmandlu and Anirban entropy function. The new entropy function outperforms over the Shannon’s entropy and drastically improved the classification accuracy by 5%. Next is development of a modified rough set quick reduct algorithm for the reduction of dimensionality in the feature selection prior to the classification. On the average the reader’s sensitivity can be increased by 10% with the assistance of our CAD system. Our finding indicated the potential of CAD to reduce the false negative rates by 50-75%. The average execution time is 5 seconds per image.

The research work is conducted on the firms in the chemical sector of Pakistan. This is a capital intensive industry and an important sector of the economy. The data has been collected from 2009-13 and includes cross sectional regression analysis. The dependent variables are accounting based return on equity and returns on assets while independent are the debt ratio and total debt to total equity ratio. The results indicate that the capital structure holds a significant positive relationship with return on asset and return on equity. The firms in this sector have a high debt to equity and debt to asset ratio and the results are against the pecking order theory that states that firms prefer to generate funds from internal sources and have a least preference for debt financing.

This paper presents an advanced step to the concept of car black-box in developing a comprehensive vehicle safety system which would not only record the video and audio, but also try to prevent a possible collision by limiting the speed of the vehicle in accident-prone areas. In case of an accident, the time and location (co-ordinates) is sent through GSM to a preset number for immediate rescue and treatment of accident, also recorded data can be used for forensics which would reveal law enforcement authority about the failure that caused accident, and give manufacturer an idea for improvement. So the motto is to develop an embedded integrated system consisting of microcontroller, power supply unit, sensors, memory, motor driver unit and GPS/GSM modem.