Archives-June... 

Nowadays, controlling herbal pest and spraying operation are considered as important and inevitable activities in agriculture. In case the mentioned operation is performed in a proper manner and chosen a suitable sprayer, the cost of spraying and following operation will decrease and the yield will increase. Given the fact that Eurygaster Integriceps has been known as the most important pest of wheat which is a strategic product throughout the world, farmers use different sprayers in order to control this pest. In this study, micronair, electrostatic atomizer, atomizer, lance, and simple backpack sprayers were compared in the form of randomized complete blocks with four iterations, for controlling the Eurygaster Integriceps. The obtained data were analyzed through SPSS software. The results of the evaluation at the level of 5% revealed that, regarding the operation effect grade for controlling Eurygaster Integriceps pest, micronair sprayer with a 82.09% of died pest was at the highest rank, and electrostatic atomizer sprayer with a 75.88%, atomizer sprayer with a 72.40%, lance sprayer with a 66.60%, and simple backpack sprayer with a 62.58 % of died pests are at the next ranks. Given the obtained results in this study, for controlling Eurygaster Integriceps in the region of Kermanshah, micronair, electrostatic atomizer, atomizer, lance, and backpack sprayer were recommended, respectively.

The role and importance of Mutual fund institutions is widely appreciated and acknowledged and the Kenyan government has increased emphasis on fund mobilization through legislations which gave birth to Mutual funds. Despite the significant role played by Mutual funds in Kenya, their growth is relatively low. This research seeks to assess the effect of financial innovation on growth of mutual fund institutions listed in NSE. The research adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study targeted 61 funds/ units operating under 18 listed fund institutions in 2016. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling to ensure that each fund type is proportionately represented in the sample. Secondary and primary tools were used to supplement data collected. Reliability and validity tests were conducted to test the quality of data collected. Inferential statistics were done to identify the relationship between financial innovation and growth of mutual fund institutions listed in NSE. The study results indicate financial innovation has significant and positive influence on the growth mutual fund institutions listed in NSE. The study indicated that 17.8% explains the relationship between financial innovation and growth of mutual fund institutions linked with Return on investment while 46.3% explains financial innovation and growth of mutual fund institutions linked with assets under management

In present paper an attempt is made to study the effect of radiative heat transfer term on the propagation of a weak shock in a two dimensional steady supersonic flow of non ideal gas along a curved wall. The flow phenomenon in characteristic plane is investigated and its behavior at the first frozen Mach wave is discussed .The position and condition of breakdown of the solution and condition necessary for no shock formation on the first frozen Mach line is also obtained and discussed. Using perturbation technique governing equation up to second order of approximation are obtained and from there it is concluded that for a set of boundary conditions at the shock waves homogeneous parts are same for first and second order approximation.

Field experiment conducted to measured Slippage, Effective field capacity, Field Efficiency, Soil Volume Disturbed and Specific Productivity Tillage in silt clay loam soil with depth 18 cm in Baghdad- Iraq. Split – split plot design under randomized complete block design with three replications using Least Significant Design 5 % was used. Three factor used in this experiment included Two types of plows included Chisel and Disk plows which represented main plot , Three Tires Inflation Pressure was second factor included 1.1 ,1.8 and 2.7 Bar, and Three forward speeds of the tillage was third factor included 2.35 , 4.25 and 6.50 km/hr. Result show chisel plow recorded best parameters performance.

Narrative Exposure Therapy’s application was discovered by a research on African refugee’s settlement. NET was noted to help people who have been traumatized confront their painful memories and feelings than Supportive Counseling and Psycho education. Narrative Exposure Therapy uses techniques that aim at reducing the level of distress with memories of the event and quelling the resultant physiological reactions through narration and exposure. NET has also been noted to be better than other types of psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions in post conflict settings. Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) a short-term treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder can be applied in low and middle income, in post conflict settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NET in reducing symptoms of PTSD and depression among bereaved adolescents in selected children’s homes. The study took place in 8 children’s homes in Kajiado County, Kenya. The sample size was 154 bereaved adolesdents aged 12-18 years. All the respondents provided informed consent. Respondents were administered a socio demographic questionaire which captured the age, gender, level of education, and respondents status of significant others. University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index was used to identify the types of traumatic events that bereaved adolescents had experienced. NET was found effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD as seen in reduced mean scores from base-line 3.1923 ± (SD: .55963)) to mid-line 2.2308 ± (SD: .50768) and from mid-line to end-line 1.4359 ± (SD: .49908). The reduction was statistically significant at p=0.0001. NET was effective in reducing symptoms of depression as seen in reduced mean scores of the experimental group at base-line (3.04), mid-line (2.39) and end-line (1.23) seen in p=0.0001 compared to the control group. This study confirmed that NET as an effective treatment of PTSD among bereaved adolescents and it is therefore recommended that mental health workers should apply NET in adolescents specifically bereaved and presenting with PTSD symptoms.

The levels of fatty acids, phospholipids and sterols were determined in the raw, roasted and cooked wholeseeds flour of Treculia africana. Results showed crude fat varied from 2.90 – 8.67 g/100 g; SFA from 18.7 – 31.2 % of total fatty acids, total polyunsaturated unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) varied from 34.7 – 46.8 % and MUFA/SFA ranged from 0.962 – 2.89, PUFA/SFA ranged from 1.05 – 2.50, n-6/n-3, EPSI (PUFA/MUFA), LA/aLA and EPA/DHA ranged from 7.80 – 28.8, 0.830 – 1.35, 30.4 – 237 and 0.530 – 1.21 respectively. The samples had high levels of n-6 fatty acids but low in n-3 fatty acids. In the phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine was highest in the raw wholeseed flour whereas phosphatidylinositol was highest both in roasted and cooked wholeseed flours with respective values of 733 and 733 (mg/100 g). The sterol values in the samples varied from: raw (7.9e-8 – 98.4); roasted (3.1e-7 - 302) and cooked (5.40e-6 – 309) mg/100 g. In all the samples, cholesterol was of the least concentration. In all nutrient parameters considered, roasted and cooked wholeseed flours were better than the raw wholeseed flour. Correlation coefficient was significantly and positively high at r = 0.05 in: the crude fats, total fatty acids and energy; fatty acids, fatty acids as food, energy contribution from fatty acids and sterols.

The objective is to determine blend which gives less emission and good performance characteristics, comparing emissions and performance characteristics between blends and pure gasoline fuel at different speeds, different compression ratios and different loads and carry out the test on VCR engine at full throttle valve opening without modification and without knocking at, different gasoline-ethanol blends (E5,E10,E15) and pure gasoline, different compression ratios (8,9,10) and different speeds (1600,1700,1800 in rpm) where, performance characteristics are volumetric efficiency, brake power, brake thermal efficiency and emissions of CO, CO2, HC.

The adsorption behavior of Nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution on ODINA WODIER (OW) bark carbon was investigated as a function of parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial Nickel (II) ions concentration, effect of solution PH, contact time and temperature. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. From these experimental data and RL value indicate the adsorption process is favourable. The thermodynamic parameters such as ?H0, ?S0, and ?G0 were evaluated and the adsorption process was physical adsorption. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich kinetic models and the intra-particle diffusion model were used to fit the experimental data by using linear regression analysis method. The high correlation coefficient (?) values indicate the fitness of the model. The kinetic of this process having high correlation coefficient (?) were pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The adsorption mechanism is proved by FT-IR, XRD and SEM images. The OW bark carbon has high adsorption capacity and adsorption rate for the removal of Nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution.

The feasibility of using spent water from parkia seed (iru) processing were tested on wood samples of Ceiba pentandra as preservative against fungi. Spent water (leachate) from locally produced iru processing was used to treat Ceiba wood. Wood samples were at the sawmill unit of Forest Products Development and Utilization Department of Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN). Wood samples converted into 15 mm x 15 mm x 25 mm and were inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii and Pleurotus florida for 12 weeks. Samples soaked for 48 hours had the lowest weight loss (7.143%) for samples inoculated with P. florida thus signifying that the leachate at 48 hours of soaking provided preservative property against P. florida while the 24 hours of soaking was the least effective. But samples inoculated with S. rolfsii show that the leachate was not effective in the control of S. rolfsii.

In order to evaluate induction of tolerance to salt stress CP73-21 sugarcane commercial cultivar in tissue culture conditions an experiment was conducted in 2014-2015 year, in tissue culture laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz. 6 treatments for callus induction (2,4-D at levels: 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 mg/l) were investigated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The highest callus value (67.5%) was obtained from treated with 3 mg/l. The effect of different levels of salinity 0, 33, 66, 99 and 132 mM were investigated to tolerance of callus in completely randomized design. After 8 weeks, the callus value reduction by 33, 66, 99 and 132 treatments in compare to control were obtained 31, 33, 22 and 26%, respectively.