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Special relativity (SR) in the presence of the gravitational field is obtained from the expression of invariant length and a photon equation of motion. Two expressions explain both mass and energy are obtained; one is generalized special relativity (GSR), the other is of Savickas. The (GSR) model is more realistic than Savickas since it is based on the effect of gravity on time which is not recognized by Savickas expression. Moreover (GSR) model predicts pair production phenomena and its equations of motion which are reduced to Newton's second law. Using the equation of motion of the electron in the electromagnetic (E.M) as a simple expression for the total momentum the sum of photon and electron mechanical momentum was found.

In this study, the Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of 5-chloro-2-Hydroxy-3-Nitro Pyridine (CHNP) have been recorded in the range 4000-400 and 3500-50 cm-1respectively. The quantum mechanical calculations of energies, optimized geometries and fundamental vibrational wave numbers were calculated using the ab initio (HF) and DFT (B3LYP) gradient methods employing 6-311++G (d,p) basis set. The vibrational frequencies which were determined experimentaldata are compared with theoretical calculations. The complete assignments are performed on the basis of total energy distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap reveals that the charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Thermo dynamical properties like entropy, heat capacity, zero-point vibrational energy and Mulliken’s charge analysis have been calculated for CHNP.The most possible interaction is explained using nature bond orbital (NBO) analysis and the potential compound of non-linear optics (NLO) demands the investigation of its structural and bonding features contributing the hyperpolarizability. The optimized geometrical parameters, fundamental vibrational frequencies, IR intensity, Raman activity are calculated using the GAUSSIAN 09W program packages. The molecular docking results were clustered together and represented by the result with the most favourable free energy of binding. Keywords: FTIR; FT-Raman; HF and DFT; HOMO-LUMO; Mulliken charges;Molecular docking

Water is life and every human activity revolves round its availability. Inadequate hydrological data on River Osun has discouraged researchers from modelling water quality across the river. This study modelled water quality across the river using Hydrologic Engineering Centre River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) software. Forty (40) water samples were collected from upstream (70 45' 26", 40 37' 22") (Kajola, Owode), midstream (70 44' 17", 40 33' 20") (Oke-Jetu, Isale-Osun), and downstream (70 45' 06", 40 32' 41") (Gbodofon, Ebunoluwa) sampling stations on River Osun from May 2015 to January 2016. Physical [Temperature and Total Dissolve Solid (TDS)], Chemical [Carbonaceous Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate-Nitrogen, Nitrite-Nitrogen, and Orthophosphate] and Biological (BOD) tests were carried out on the water samples using standard procedure (APHA, 2005). These parameters were input into HEC-RAS software to simulate water quality on River Osun. Three hundred (300) developed questionnaires on the prevalence of water borne diseases in Osogbo were distributed to households and health workers. Pearson correlation Coefficients (PCC) was used to analyse the data at 5% significance level. Temperature and TDS for rainy and dry season varied from (24.9 - 28.9)0C and (29.0 -339)0C; (90 -110) mg/l; (41.9 - 64.3) mg/l, respectively. The temporal variation of DO, NO3-N, NO2-N and PO43- for rainy and dry seasons parameters varied from (5.2 - 7.6) mg/l and (3.21 - 6.10) mg/l; (0.00 -7.41) mg/l and (9.0 - 19.3); (0.207 - 0.622) and (0.715 - 1.145) mg/l; (3.64 - 5.91) mg/l and (4.04 - 6.21) mg/l, respectively. The BOD values ranged from (0.4 -2 .0) mg/l and (1.93 - 2.96) mg/l, respectively for the rainy and dry seasons. Significance correlation (p< 0.05, 16 df) does occur between the pair of resident with water borne diseases and stations at upstream and midstream of the river in water samples with high pollution sources, there is low correlation (p<0.05 16 and 14 df) between the pair of other stations across the river and residents with water borne diseases. The DO, CBOD, NO3-N, NO2-N, and PO43- output from HEC-RAS for rainy and dry seasons varied from (5.6 -7.4) mg/l and (3.391-5.828) mg/l; (14.81 -15.69) mg/l and (15.87-15.93) mg/l; (0.235 - 5.43827) mg/l and (13.24 -19.1) mg/l; (0.806484 - 1.22) and (0.2085 - 0.4041) mg/l; (3.76-5.16) mg/l and (4.12 - 4.88) mg/l , respectively across the river. The result can be useful to trace the pollution sources and develop water resources management towards achieving Vision 20:2020.

number of thiophene, pyridine, pyrimidine, and 1,2,4-triazine derivatives were obtained via interaction of 3-Oxo-N-{4-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl-amino)sulphonyl]phenyl} butanamide (1) with different reagents. The new synthesized compounds were confirmed by their infrared, mass spectrum, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analyses, and further screened for antimicrobial activity.

The main cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society is heart disease. Medical diagnosis is important but complex task that must be carefully and effectively. Although considerable progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, but research must reach the highest accuracy. Access to a large amount of medical data requires powerful tools for analyzing the resulting data to extract useful knowledge. Data mining is an effective analysis tool for discovering hidden relationships and trends in the data. This paper heart disease through data mining algorithm C & R, the algorithm K nearest neighbor algorithm to move the mass of particles (pso) and improved algorithms, k-nearest neighbor algorithm pso investigated. In this study, we improved the effectiveness of these algorithms see for heart disease. Thus we see that data mining can identify or predict high or low risk of heart disease.

Benzene is mainly used as an intermediate to make other chemicals; its mostly widely-produced derivatives include styrene, which is used to make polymers and plastics . Benzene is also used to make some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene include volcanoes and forest fires. At one time, chlorobenzene is the main precursor for the manufacture of phenol. The major use of chlorobenzene is an intermediate in the production of commodities such as herbicides, dyestuffs, and rubber. Chlorobenzene is also used as high-boiling solvent in many industrial applications as well as in the laboratory . As a continuation of the recent studies on structural and theoretical investigations of some substituted benzene derivatives, the main aspects of this investigation are: Structural analysis, molecular geometries and vibrational spectra of penta chloro nitrobenzene (PCNB) are calculated by applying density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio (HF) computations and thermodynamical parameters, NBO , NLO and Mulliken Charge analyses have been used to give more information regarding charge transfer within the molecules. Thermo dynamical properties like entropy, heat capacity, zero-point vibrational energy and Mulliken’s charge analysis have been calculated for PCNB. The most possible interaction is explained using nature bond orbital (NBO) analysis and the potential compound of non-linear optics (NLO) demands the investigation of its structural and bonding features contributing the hyperpolarizability. Keywords: FTIR; FT-Raman; HF and DFT; Mulliken charges; NBO; NLO *Corresponding author. Tel.:+919443189328, E-mail address: jjmarivu@yahoo.co.in

Pronunciation is one of the most important skills in English language instruction because it impacts learners' communicative competence and performance. If speakers have very bad pronunciation, their speech will not be understandable to the listeners. This paper examines some of the important issues of English pronunciation instruction. The goals of this paper are to review the history of English pronunciation instruction, discuss the aim of English pronunciation instruction and explain the importance of English pronunciation instruction. The review of literature indicates that teachers should be aware of the aim and significance of pronunciation instruction and if they want to teach pronunciation well they should be taught in EFL pronunciation instruction.

Nowadays, literacy is one of the major challenges that society has been faced, especially in developing countries and on the other hand literacy and learning science are considered as important factors in social, economic, and cultural development of anyone. In this regard, the institution of education in the community can have an inevitable role in the education of the people. Teacher as an influential factor in education can play a unique role in the activities of the Literacy Movement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the role of teachers in the education of illiterates in community and the reason of their lack of participation in this process. The methodology of this study is functional based on the purpose and based on the nature, is descriptive - analytical. This study used documental and field studies to gather data. In order to achieve the objectives of this study in field studies a questionnaire has been used to gather data. The population of this study are teachers of Shabankareh (385 people). 193 teachers was selected based on Cochran formula and the random sampling method, for example, then the questionnaire was distributed among the target teachers and collected data were analyzed based on SPSS software (Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the hypothesis of the test) and finally recommendations and solutions have been presented to achieve the optimal level of educating the illiterate in society. The results of this study have showed that there is a significant relationship between the lack of proper planning and the participation of teachers in Literacy Movement activities. Given the importance of reducing illiteracy in the society and its role in the comprehensive development of society, the need for proper planning by relevant authorities strongly has been felt.

This paper is projected to cram the antioxidant activities the common leafy vegetables in eastern development zone of Nepal. The sprouts, microgreens and leafy greens of common and tartary buckwheat of Nepalese strains were compared for the phenolic contents and biological activity. The tartary buckwheat samples expressed higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents compared to the common buckwheat. The sprouts had the highest total phenolic contents (9333.48 ± 150.23 and 6976.21 ± 213.65 mgGAE/100g dw in tartary and common buckwheat, respectively) whereas, the highest total flavonoid content was present in the leafy greens (7635.39 ± 141.40 and 4414.61 ± 70.85 mg RE/100g dw in tartary and common buckwheat respectively). The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results revealed that the tartary buckwheat vegetables had higher rutin, (3800.28 ± 434.41 mg/100g in leafy greens), quercetin (159.75 ± 9.04 mg/100g in sprouts) and chlorogenic acid (293.47 ± 65.06 mg/100g in microgreens) contents than those of common buckwheat. However, other phenolics like vitexin, isovitexin, orientin and isoorientin contents were more abundant in common buckwheat. In biochemical assay, all three types of vegetable of common and tartary buckwheat showed higher antioxidant and ?-glucosidase inhibition effect in dose dependent manner. Based on these results, it can be conformed that all the vegetables (microgreens, sprouts and leafy greens) of both varieties of buckwheat of Nepalese strains can be regarded as a potent sour ce of functional food.They also displayed high total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the top five potential leafy vegetables consist of both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant(s), the order being I. aquatica> B. campestris> B. alba> P. sativum> and L. siceraria carried out .

The aim of this paper is to present control of voltage magnitude and active power flow by means of a matrix converter. The matrix converter based compensator acts as the power electronic interface connected in series with a transmission line. Such a power system compensator consists of two power transformers and a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter. The compensator adjusts the active power flow on the transmission line and the voltage Magnitude at the bus of the power system. Pulsed Width Modulation (PWM) technique is employed as the switching strategy. Performance of the matrix converter based compensator is evaluated in the Simulink/MATLAB environment.