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This study investigated the effects of an 8 – week supervised circuit training program with moderate intensity on the fasting blood glucose level of NIDDM patients of sedentary lifestyle over conventional oral therapy medications. 40 NIDDM patients aged 35-55 years volunteered for the study. Subjects were randomly assigned into exercise and diet group (n = 20) and conventional oral therapy group (n = 20). The exercise and diet group received 60 minutes of supervised circuit training thrice a week for 8 weeks along with a prescribed diet control. Subjects in the other group were only on conventional oral therapy medications. Measurements were taken on 1st, 30th, and 60th day which include fasting blood glucose level. The results showed a very highly significant (p = 0.001) decrease in fasting blood glucose level. When both groups were compared the exercise and diet group was found to be more beneficial and effective than the conventional oral therapy medication group. Both conventional oral therapy medication and exercise and diet groups can be used in management of NIDDM. However in this present study it is seen that exercise and diet is more beneficial and effective as compared with conventional oral therapy medication in reduction of glucose levels and thus, reducing the need of oral medications.

In the 1950s, the idea of development and the necessity to pay attention to factors of social welfare as well as reduction of poverty highlighted the intervention of governments in economic activities, but since the 1970s and with the formation of the idea of centrality of humanity in development, it was realized that physical assets are not enough to deal with issues arising from underdevelopment in countries, however social issues and policies, and the formation of human capitals are at least as significant as physical assets. Therefore, social support policies in the framework of welfare states and subsidy policies were placed on the top agenda of development programs in different countries. However, what was ignored with regard to payment of subsidies was proper targeting of such policies in a way that most countries were paying their subsidies to general public. Following the debt crisis and global recession in the 1980s and the comparison of the experiences in countries of East Asia, Latin America, South Asia, and Africa, the focus of development approaches was changed to improvement of economic management and acceptance of a greater role for market forces. In this new approach, most countries embarked on reforming their subsidy plans. The main reason for these countries in implementing reform plans was to avoid public subsidies because of their comprehensiveness, population growth, and the increase in the price of goods and services in the global market. In addition, inefficiency of governmental distribution system and negative effects of controlling the price of products for the producers were among other reasons. This article initially provides a definition of subsidy, and its different forms and costs, and will then review the experience of different countries with regard to subsidies. It will eventually investigate the history, objectives, and consequences of subsidy reform plan in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Child mortality refers to the death of infants and children under the age of five or between the age of one month to four years depending on the definition. Child mortality is a core indicator of child health and well-being. In this paper we propose a probability model for child mortality among women with fixed parity under certain assumption and techniques. The suitability of the model is tested through observed data. NFHS-3 data has been used to carry out this study.

Seats are one of the most important components of automotives. In recent years, customer expectations for automotive comfort are increasing, and the development of seats that cause little fatigue, even for long distance driving, has been required. Automotive manufacturers recognize comfort as one of the major selling point, as it is thought to play an important role for buyers as well. This literature review incorporates previous studies related to automotive seating comfort and discomfort. It summarizes key literature related to seating design and criteria and reviews comfort issues in automotive seating. The aim of this paper is to describe the measurement methods that are used to improve the physiological comfort of automotive driver’s seat. The paper has 3 sections. First, we explain the nature of sitting comfort and discomfort. Secondly, we describe the subjective and objective measurement methods that are used to evaluate the automotive seat. Thirdly, we propose a methodology for the development of comfortable driver’s seats.

In this modernization era, Banking activities have been automated. Technology has brought banks and services to the doorsteps of the customers. ATM is one of the boons for the customers to withdraw their money or deposit their money on any day at any time. In this context the ATM cardholders should be well versed with ATM and its related matters. In this present study, which has been conducted among 100 ATM card holders of various banks in Srimushnam Taluk, an attempt has been made to assess whether the ATM card holders are aware of certain important matters and behaviour of them.

In this paper, the North east corner [ NEM ] procedure is successfully coded and tested via many randomly generated problem instances . Based on the results we can conclude that the correctness of the newly coded NEM is promising as compared with the previously coded one. We Select very big problem of Transportation problem using Object oriented programming in Java and develop a NEM in Java Flowchart, Algorithm, program.In this paper submitted in screen short.

Stress Management involves controlling and reducing the tension that occurs in stressful situation by making emotional and physical changes. The degree of stress and the desire to make the changes will determine how much change takes places in work environment. It is beneficial when employees feel challenged and stimulated, but negative if employees feel overloaded or under stimulated. Stress in the workplace reduces productivity, increases management pressures, and makes people ill in many ways, evidence of which is still increasing. Workplace stress affects the performance of the brain, including functions of work performance; memory, concentration, and learning. The Main Objective of the study is to find outthe level of stress among the employees, to determine the cause and perception of the employees about his work life. This research paper gives a comprehensive coverage of the facts and figures related to stress with the help of research analysis using hypothesis test and applications gives the clear status of Apollo hospital, Bangalore.

Developing real time multimedia applications for best effort networks such as the Internet requires prohibitions against jitter delay and frame loss. This problem is further complicated in wireless networks as the rate of frame corruption or loss is higher in wireless networks while they generally have lower data rates compared to wired networks. On the other hand, variations of the bandwidth and the receiving device characteristics require data rate adaptation capability of the coding method. Multiple description Scalable Coding (MDS) methods are used to solve the jitter delay and frame loss problems by making the transmitted data more error resilient, however, this results in reduced data rate because of the added overhead. MDS methods do not address the bandwidth variation and receiver characteristics differences. In this paper a new method based on integrating MDS and the scalable coding extension of H.264 standard is proposed. Our method can handle both jitter delay and frame loss, and data rate adaptation problems. Our method utilizes motion compensating scheme and, therefore, is compatible with the current video coding standards such as MPEG-4 and H.264. Based on the simulated network conditions, our method shows promising results and we have achieved up to 38.3607dB for average Y-PSNR.

Since its discovery more than thirty years ago, HIV/AIDS has remained one of the devastating infections globally. It is the fourth most common causes of premature deaths in the world and the leading cause of death in Africa. The fight against HIV/AIDS is of public concern because the epidemic could undermine the collective development effort. In staging this effort, the participation of both men and women is critical in combating the scourge. HIV/AIDS is emerging as the paramount threat to investment in Kenya and subverts efforts to lift people out of poverty; thus calling for an urgent and sustained participation of both genders. Various interventions have been put in place by various stakeholders including government agencies, NGOs, the media, religious organizations among others. However, it is evident that the participation of men has been wanting since their presence in the various interventions is glaringly absent. This paper is based on a study that was carried out in Nairobi, Kenya, to establish the non-participation of men in the HIV/AIDS prevention initiatives. The main objective of this study was to establish factors influencing affective participation of men in HIV/AIDS campaigns within government ministries in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted an explanatory research design to collect quantitative data. The study utilized both primary and secondary data. The study administered questionnaires to a total of 59 respondents who were obtained from the selected government ministries in Nairobi, Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used to select respondents from the target population. Secondary data was gathered from various authoritative sources including books, articles, published and on-line journals. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Statistical mean and standard deviation as well as percentages was used in interpretations to determine data characteristics, Cronbach’s alpha test was used to establish the reliability of the study variables as well as multiple regression analysis used to determine the predictive power of the study model. From the study findings, it was established that policy factors had significant influence on effective participation of men in HIV/AIDS campaigns within government ministries in Nairobi, Kenya. The study therefore recommended that mechanisms be devised that address the problem of lack of information, advocacy, counsel and support services among men and boys to enable them take an active role in HIV prevention. There was also need for a framework that has in-built mechanisms of gender equity integration in HIV/AIDS campaigns; that a policy is devised to ensure that all employees are persuaded and coerced to participate in HIV/AIDS campaigns in each department of the ministries that were sampled for the study and finally, policy guidelines be provided to guide HIV/AIDS key areas such as awareness, prevention and response. Finally, adequate budgetary allocations be considered to help create capacity that encompass relevant areas both in terms of infrastructure and management among other recommendations.

A compressor is the heart of vapour compressor system. The function of refrigerator compressor, being an integral part of the system, is related to relate to other components. Hence its capacity, life, breakdown, etc. are very much influenced by the performance of other components like condenser, evaporator, throttling device etc. in this present paper the reciprocating compressor is being replaced by a screw compressor. The performance analysis is conducted and further a comparison analysis is done. It has been found that the screw compressor with certain limitation is more effective and saves the power.