Archives-June... 

Women empowerment is a multi-dimensional nature of power suggest that empowerment strategies for women must build on „the power within? as a necessary adjunct to improving their ability to control resources, to determine agendas and make decisions. Though the Garowe II Principles agreed in February 2012 stipulated that women will get a minimum 30% representation in Federal Parliament, they only secured 38 out of 275 (14%). Somali women lack equal participation and representation both in politics and private sector despite the fact of transforming gender role in Somali where more women become household heads and making up over 60% of the country. In addition, Somali is one of the countries with the highest level of Gender inequality and it is ranked fourth with the Gender Inequality Index of 0.776. To respond to these challenges there have been international and local efforts made for country?s gender empowerment and among the gender sensitive programs activities included; offering technical advice and capacity building support to the government and civil societies in the review of existing gender policies and legislation, building up the organizational capacity of women?s groups and networks to mobilize and advocate for gender equality across the public and private sectors, improving skills of key stakeholders such as traditional and religious leaders to promote gender equality and women empowerment. More specifically, in 2011, US African Development Foundation (USADF) has established a gender sensitive program in Somalia with the primary goal of improving the standard of living June 2013 through addressing a youth job and enterprise placement program preceded by on-the-job training. But there was knowledge gap about the role of gender sensitive programs on women empowerment and gender inequality in Somalia. This study therefore aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the role of gender sensitive programs on gender empowerment in Somalia and more specially, the objective of this study is to investigate the role of gender sensitive programs on women empowerment in Somalia case study USADF training and placement program.

This study examines the occupational roles of women in 30 action movies across three eras of classical, post-classical and new Hollywood. Employing critical discourse analysis as an analytical framework, the study investigates action movies from 1930 to 2012 to follow these objectives: (1) to find out types of women’s occupational roles, (2) to examine verbal and non-verbal elements in women’s representation, (3) to trace significant changes in occupational roles of female characters across three eras of Hollywood. Findings showed that female characters provided examples of positive and non-traditional role models. Women’s new representations challenged stereotypical assumptions concerning the occupational roles of women in the classical and post-classical eras.

India is the world’s second largest producer of food next to China and has potential of being the biggest with food and agriculture sector. The Food Processing industry is the 5th largest industry in India in terms of production, consumption, export and expected growth. Among the various sectors of Food Processing industry, ready to eat food product industry is growing at the fastest pace of 30 % p.a. There are nearly 100 international, national and local players already operating in industry and equal numbers of players are likely to enter in the market in coming years due to its huge growth potential. Ready to eat food products being product of low involvement category, a little differentiation exists among the product sproduced by various players of the industry so to differentiate their products companies make use of various marketing tools. One of the most prominent tools used in the industry is packaging. The companies make use of various packaging elements to differentiate their products. This study is undertaken to analyze the influence of Nutritional labels like free from trans fat and cholesterol provided on the packages of Namkeens on the perceptions and buying behavior of consumers of Rajkot. To attain the aim of study, a sample of 200 respondents was taken. The research paper is structured into five sections. The first section focuses on the introductory part of the paper. It highlights the international, national and local scenario of Food processing industry. The second section focuses on the aspects like definition of Packaged food, importance and role of packaging in the category and main objectives of the study. The third section discusses the previous studies parallel to the current study. It also highlights how the current study is different from the previous studies. The fourth section reveals how the research has been undertaken. The last section i.e. fifth section narrates the findings of the paper, limitations of the study, policy recommendations and concluding remarks.

Sickle cell haemoglobin is a very widespread in the world, constituting the most common hereditary disease. The evolution is enamelled of many complications including bone-joints, favoured by the emergence of new treatments improving the survival of these patients. The aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is common in these patients. Was retrospectively analysed a monitored and treated in the service of trauma and orthopaedic of the Ibn Sina’s hospital in Rabat , 04 patients with sickle cell disease, who has submitted an aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. It is 02 women and 02 men. The average age was 31 years. They had all consulted for hip pain and discomfort to walking. The clinical examination had found a limitation of movements. All our patients have benefited from a standard x-ray. Stage 3 Ficat is present in 2 cases and 4 stages in 2 cases also. MRI was carried out in a single patient. The operated hips have all received a total hip joint replacement, with satisfactory results in all cases. The aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the sickle cell disease is very debilitating, of fact the young age of onset and the late diagnosis.

ABSTRACT: Uterine arterio venous malformation(AVM) is uncommon cause of menorrhagia. We report a rare case of arteriovenous malformation. A case of uterine haemorrhage in a 20 years old lady who delivered 2 months back came with secondary PPH, where conventional treatment failed. A refractory case of PPH ,where GnRH agonist was given. Key Words: Uterine arteriovenous malformation, GnRH agonist

Assessment of climate variability at local level, where the driver of the economy is agriculture, has enormous advantage in Ethiopia, . This study was then initiated to analyze the variability of rainfall features and their likely implications on long season growing crop; sorghum in Alamata Wereda. Daily climate data was obtained from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia (NMA) and the historical temporal variability of the rainfall features was assessed using Instat and Mann-Kendall statistical softwares. Apart from the interannual variability (26.2%), the annual rainfall has also revealed a decreasing trend. Similarly, the Belg (FMAM) rainfall demonstrated a significant decreasing trend with a very high seasonal variability (53.1%). The Markov chain first order model indicates that the probability of 15 and 20 days consecutive dry spell occurrence on May (90%) and June (75%) were very high signaling that sowing on these months could possibly lead to complete or partial failure of seedling establishments. Even though the correlations between yield and monthly rainfalls was positive, only April (r=0.48) and September (r=0.55) rainfall was statistically significant. This indicates that for sorghum production, rainfall during April (for seedling establishment) and September (grain filling) appears to be particularly important (sensitive). Hence, as there is early cessation and high rainfall variability during the Belg season (part of sowing period for sorghum), different adaptation strategies such as soil moisture conservation and early maturing cultivars should be practiced to minimize the impact of rainfall variability on sorghum production.

As scientists we tend to view technology as a scientific system but in fact the success of a particular technology at a particular time may rest less on its efficient performance and more on its 'social' relevance and impact. We now need to identify sustainable design investments for a very uncertain future of expanding populations, scarcer resources and climate change. Buildings in the Iranian desert regions are constructed according to the specific climatic conditions and differ with those built in other climates. Desert buildings are equipped with air traps, arched roofed, water reservoirs with arched domes and ice stores for the preservation of ice. The operation of modern coolers is similar to the old Iranian air traps which were built at the entrance of the house over underground water reservoirs or ponds built inside the house. Lofty walls, narrow and dry streets, highly elevated air traps, big water reservoirs and arched roofed chambers, are the outstanding features of desert towns in Iran. The ever shining scorching sun of the desert has rendered life very difficult for its hardy and warm-blooded inhabitants and has compelled them to resort to facilities that can moderate the unbearable heat. In the following paper, subjects relating to the building materials of desert towns and the method of operation of the traditional cooling systems in the cities with warm and arid climates are described. Herein the great wind catchers of Iran are a zero carbon cooling technology, but because the high towers of the region grew too large during a period of economic boom and soaring social hubris these structures may survive less well than if they had been more modest in their design.

This paper is examined status of madheshi women in Nepal. In Nepalese context, the madheshi women as being on the lowest rung of caste hierarchy are deprived from the accessibility of different types of capital, symbolic, economic, and cultural except the social capital. They have low partake in different part of development activities of the country. Madheshi women are backward than Pahadi women communities women because of restricted equality and discrimination recognition due to deficiency of literacy..

In order to become successful members of society in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, students must be able to write effectively. However, many students are unwilling or unable to write by the time they leave high school. Two major factors linked to writing performance include writing self-efficacy beliefs. The current study endeavours to conceptualize the relationship between self-efficacy and writing performance. The paper posit a positive relation between writing self-efficacy and writing performance. The study concludes its premises by suggesting topics of interest for future research.

In recent years most of countries particularly pay attention on soil’s salinity because reducing water quality,reducing efficient of agronomy products and extension of desertification are come from that phenomenon.Iran is one of only three countries where is encountered to soil’s salinity.one of ways to control salinity is investigation range and addition of it in an area, and in the next step prevention and elimination of problem will be considered.The research has been done in Zahedan’s area in order to examination of soil’s salinity(electricity transfer) with exploitation of geostatistical procedure. Geostatistical factors are used by Kriching, Cokriching, inverse distance weight method and Kriching regression. The 300 points have been done in order to determination of amount of electricity transfer in horizontal and vertical state by electromagnetic inductor device.Three depths of 0-30,30-60 and 60-90 cm have been investigated.According to obtained results the least sum of error in three depths in Kriging regression than three others method illustrate how the method is high benefit and accurate and the method has been chosen to determination of soil’s salinity.Coefficient of soil salinity in regression model in 0-30,30-60 and 60-90 depths have been obtained 0.22,0.27 and 0.32 respectively.According to obtained map, whatever we go down from surface to depth of soil, salinity becomes lower soit has to be more considered to harvest and cultivate.According to low cost and high accuracy of the Kriging regression method, it can be used for zoning of soil’s salinity.