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There is no single or widely used definition of children’s literature. The international companion encyclopedia of children’s literature notes that “the boundaries of genre are not fixed but blurred”. Sometimes no agreement can be reached about whether a given work is best categorized as literature for adults or children.

Iron (II) Chromate nano particles were synthesized via chemical co precipitation method from Iron (II) chloride and Potassium Chromate. Structural and compositional properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the preferential growth of Iron (II) Chromate nano particles that width is 61.27nm. The SEM image shows the synthesized Iron (II) Chromate show well crystallized particles with spherical morphology. The FTIR spectrum is used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular functional groups in the sample. From UV spectrum, the band gap of Iron (II) Chromate nano particles is found to be 3.5eV. From AAS studies it is found that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration. The linear fit indicates that Iron Chromate nanoparticles have been distributed in proper proportion.

Synthesize of optically and high luminescence of ZnO quantum dots in this work. XRD pattern show pure ZnO QDs and are genuinely polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. A typical TEM image of the material showed that particles are spherical in shape and their average size is (4) nm. No quantum dots with a diameter less than 2 nm or larger than 6.5 nm are found. PL spectrum of ZnO QDs is composed of an ultraviolet (UV) emission centered at about 360 nm and a broad green emission centered at about 475 nm.

(E)-N1-(2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propylidene)benzene-1,2-diamine, an organic material has been synthesized and their chemical structure was confirmed by means of elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral techniques. The molecular geometry has been interpreted with the aid of structure optimization based on DFT/B3LYP and HF methods with 6-31G(d,p)level theory. The SXRD data were compared with the optimized parameter. Optimized geometry parameters are very well agrees with the reported one. FT-IR spectrum is recorded at room temperature. Functional group assignment was discussed on the B3LYP and HF level theories. The chemical reactivity and charge density of the compounds was obtained by Mulliken and MEP surfaces. The energy gap, electronic properties were measured and discussed. The intramolecular charge transfer interaction and ?-electron cloud movement in title molecule must be responsible for the NLO properties.

Since the discovery of oil in the country, the attention of Nigeria's public revenue has gradually shifted from tax revenue to non-tax revenue. This has several consequences on economic growth and development in the country. This study examines the effects of tax revenue on selected macroeconomic indicators in Nigeria. It employed annual time series data from 1986 to 2015 for personal income tax (PIT), company income tax (CIT), petroleum profit tax (PPT), value added tax (VAT) as independent variables while the dependent variables are employment rate (ER) and price stability (PT). 2 (two) equations were developed to interrogate the relationships between the dependent and independent variables. An autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model was adopted to examine the effect of tax revenue on the designated macroeconomic indicators. The results of the analysis for the 2 equations were mixed. With the overall significant effect of tax revenue on price stability, and the mixed (significant/insignificant) effect on employment rate, it is clear that the use of taxes seem to favour price stability rather than employment generation in Nigeria. Though insignificant, the speed of adjustment to equilibrium was very high for price stability while it became very slow for employment level. This study therefore recommends that Government should avoid multiple tax, but rather grant reasonable tax holidays and reduce taxation to encourage new investments and boost employment. A good part of tax should be allocated to upgrade social and economic infrastructures to reduce cost of doing business and improve profits for businesses that could be re-invested in the economy. Finally, government should strive to balance-off the incidences between income tax and service taxes in order to reduce the tax burden on civil/public workers, who have been observed to be the only segment that pay accurate tax to cushion the overall effect on the disposable incomes of these category.

It was well known that syntax is a part of language which must be absorbed by the learners. By that way they can use the language in the proper manner. However, the teaching of syntax is not really meeting the objective of learning since it leads the teachers to give detail explanation of the language and create negative perception of the language learning itself. Thus this article will discuss the educator’s perspective on teaching of syntax in foreign language. To obtain a data of the study, researchers have constructed a set of structured questions for interview purpose. Eight respondents were agreeing to participate and to be interviewed. Findings demonstrated that syntax is very crucial for teaching and learning of foreign language. In the other hand, learners cannot avoid this part of language and in the same time, teachers must know how to gradually help learners in their learning process.

The amino acid composition of the yolk and albumen of the egg of domestic duck was determined on a dry weight basis. The total essential amino acid ranged from (g/100 g crude protein, cp): 40.9-41.3 or from 43.5-47.8 % respectively of the total amino acid. The amino acid scores showed lysine ranged from 1.26 -1.27 (on provisional essential amino acid scoring pattern) and 1.19-1.21 (on suggested requirement of the essential amino acid of a pre-school child). The predicted protein efficiency ratio was 2.33-2.52, the essential amino acid index range was 1.31-1.32 and the calculated isoelectric point range was 4.90-5.53. The Leu/Ile ratio range was 1.80-1.38. The correlation coefficient (rxy) was positive and significant at r = 0.05 for the amino acids, amino acid scores (on suggested requirement of the essential amino acid of a pre-school child) and the isoelectric point in the two samples. Domestic duck yolk and albumen amino acids were compared with yolk and albumen of domestic guinea fowl and domestic chicken eggs.

The central aim of this study was to investigate the comparative effect of process-oriented approach vs. product-oriented approach in teaching ESP writing within the specific domain of banking English in-service training. The forty participants of the present study were selected from among 50bank staff taking part in upper intermediate level of banking English courses held in the educational department of Export Development Bank of Iran. Following the treatment, which lasted 8 weeks, two 90-minute sessions per week, altogether 24 hours of instruction, a post test of ESP writing, which was the same the pretest, was administered to the learners of both experimental groups. The outcome of the posttest data analysis clarified that both product and process-oriented approaches significantly affect the improvement in the ESP writing ability of the in-service trainees taking part in an ESP course of banking English writing. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the process-based group outperformed the product-based group on the posttest of ESP writing indicating that there was a significant difference between the two groups’ mean scores on the posttest of ESP writing. It was thus concluded that there was a significant difference between process-oriented and product-oriented approaches in teaching ESP writing to the banking English in-service training students.

The main issue to recognize the true Hadis is to refer Quran in the criticism of Hadis. It is approved as a touchstone among the God’s messenger’s relatives as the first and the most important one in the interpretations at Al Forghan in the section of narration. The author tries to produce the Quran examples while there are some produce the Quran examples while there are some differences among the interpretations, this study tries to interpret at the differences.

The eccentric dominating graph EDmGabc(G) of a graph G is obtained from G with vertex set V? = V ? S, where V = V(G) and S is the set of all ?ed-sets of G. Two elements in V? are said to satisfy property ‘a’ if u, v ? V and are adjacent in G. Two elements in V? are said to satisfy property ‘b’ if u = D1, v = D2 ? S and have a common vertex. Two elements in V? are said to satisfy property ‘c’ if u ? V, v = D ? S such that u ? D. Two elements in V? are said to satisfy property ‘d’ if u, v ? V and there exists D ? S such that u, v ? D. A graph having vertex set V? and any two elements in V? are adjacent if and only if they satisfy any one of the property a, b, c is denoted by EDmGabc(G). In this paper EDmGabc(G) of some families of graphs and some basic properties of EDmGabc(G) are studied. Also, we have discussed the eccentricity properties of EDmGabc(G), and we have characterized graphs G for which EDmGabc(G) is complete or a tree.