Archives-June... 

In Wireless Sensor Networks, having two types of approaches non-clustering & clustering based. In both cases the prime role in network is energy consumption to transmit the data that will decide the life time of network. So this paper focused on the energy consumption. This research paper works for generation or formation of cluster & how to select the cluster head by which consideration of energy consumption should be less than non-clustering approach. In this research paper to create the cluster, implement the K-Mean algorithm to select the cluster head based on the nearest node to the location of center of cluster. This paper considers the sending energy consumption of each node in the whole network in both cases i.e. non-clustering & clustering.

In this paper, we explain a new type of geometry based on a different way of measuring distance between points, as we explained on different planes like Minkowski and Galilean. Now, we'll give a little background on this unfamiliar geometry. The purpose of this paper is to introduce high school students to taxicab geometry, one type of non-Euclidean geometry in which a new metric to measure distance replaces the usual metric of Euclidean geometry.

Marsdenia tirunelvelica A. N. Henry & Subram. a rare and little known asclepiad, endemic to Southern Western Ghats has been rediscovered after a lapse of about 38 years since its type collection. To facilitate easy identification of the species a brief description and relevant notes are provided.

Histogram Equalization is a simple and effective contrast enhancement technique. In spite of its popularity Histogram Equalization still have some limitations –produces artifacts, unnatural images and the local details are not considered, therefore due to these limitations many other Equalization techniques have been derived from it with some up gradation. In this proposed method statistics play an important role in image processing, where statistical operations is applied to the image to get the desired result such as manipulation of brightness and contrast. Thus, a novel algorithm using statistical operations and neighborhood processing has been proposed in this paper where the algorithm has proven to be effective in contrast enhancement based on the theory and experiment.

This paper presents a multiple description coding method for HD image. The proposed method is bases on the SPIHT algorithm which provides high image compression ratio. The algorithm based on wavelet transforms and Wavelet-based compression provides multi-resolution hierarchical characteristics. This proposed method also uses poly phase sampling technique to generate multiple descriptions. The technique reduces the transmission error and memory required for storing HD images. The proposed method proved higher performances in terms of PSNR when compared to the standard SPIHT. The graph of PSNR versus BER is given in the experimental results.

The aim of the present study was to analysis the differences in anthropometric characteristics among various playing positions in Hockey. In Hockey the players were classified according to their playing position. These playing position were attackers, Midfielders and Defenders. Fifteen players each from attackers (A), Midfielders (B) and Defenders (D) were chosen as subject for this study. The data were collected during South Zone Inter- University Hockey Tournament held at Bharathiar University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The subjects were randomly selected from various provinces. Body height, body mass, arm span, arm length, palm length, palm span, triceps, subscapular, Biceps, Iliac crest, lateral abdomen, Abdomen, Front thigh, Medial calf, Elbow diameter, knee diameter, arm girth relax, arm girth flex, fore arm girth, waist girth, gluteus girth, thigh girth and calf girth were selected as a anthropometrical variables for this study. The collected data was statistically analysed by using analysis of variance. The scheffe’s test was used as a post hoc test to determine which of the paired mean differ significantly. The result reveals that there was significant differences between the playing position on the following variables namely body height, body weight, palm span, palm length, sub scapularis, triceps, biceps, lateral abdomen, abdomen, iliac crest, front thigh, mid calf, elbow diameter, arm girth relax. Arm girth flex, fore arm girth, waist girth, gluteus girth, thigh girth, & calf girth is high in Midfielders. Defenders have greater value in the arm length, arm span and knee diameter followed by mid fielders and attackers.

The level of natural radioactivity in soils of some selected towns around Lake Bosumtwi of Ashanti region of Ghana have been determined. Thirteen Samples from different locations close to the catchment area of the lake were collected for determination of NORM activity concentrations using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometer. Activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 2.9 ± 0.14 Bq/kg to 168.2 ± 0.6 Bq/kg with an average of 31.2±0.3 Bq/kg, 0.4 ± 0.1 Bq/kg to 108.4 ± 9 Bq/kg with an average of 11.9 Bq/kg and 20.4 ± 3 Bq/kg to 340.8 ± 12 Bq/kg with an average of 134.8± Bq/kg, respectively. The results obtained were also in good agreement with studies from other countries in the region and therefore can be used to enhance present radioactivity database. The calculated external hazard values ranged from 0.02 Bq/kg to 0.56 Bq/kg with the mean of 0.15 (less than unity) showed no risk of external hazard to the inhabitants and Tourist visiting the catchment.

Over the last three decades of the 20th century, gross domestic product per capita, exponential growth in mobile technology and population growth were the main drivers of increases in global warming and climate change. Industrial revolution and electronics, information and communication technology products have altered the landscape of modern society in countless ways, in office, at home and on mobility. However, they have created and added a new source of heat generation and emission into environment due to consumer electronics products. In spite of recent studies indicating possible threats to global climate, there is no long term data available on the amount of heat generated, emitted and dissipated into environment by cell phones. The aim of this research work is to experimentally measure the heat generated by cell phones during on(sleep/Idle) mode, Rx and Tx modes. The experiments were conducted using specially fabricated four decimal digit temperature measurement test instrument. Population and cell phones projections for India, China, USA and the whole world were also included in this research work for 2050. An attempt is made to indicate amount of heat generated, emitted and dissipated into environment by India, China, USA and entire world by cellular mobiles at present and projections for 2050.

The process of quality assurance in a testing laboratory should reveal that the method and the analytical instrument give precise and accurate results, or whether aggravation occurs. The quality measures should comprise standard tests which give information on the characteristic performance of the method used by the laboratory. According to the literature, useful standard procedures contributing to the overall quality of analytical results are illustrated in relation with optical emission spectrometry. Parameters examined are general requirements for a complete quality system according to ISO/IEC 17025:2008 international standard including accuracy and precision. The performance of the whole system to measurement of samples of interest must be monitored with control charts. Data representing the routine performance of emission spectrometer systems and methods permit predicting long-term uncertainties and confidence intervals

Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System is a regional navigation system for Indian Region This system consists of seven satellites each generating navigational message in binary notation at stipulated time based on the data uploaded periodically from the control segment. Each satellite sends data in two bands viz. S and L5. Ground ranging stations receive Range and navigation data from IRNSS satellites. The data received is in properiately packed binary format and needs to be extracted to engineering units for further processing. The measurement data logs are received for every 1 second and the navigation data logs are received at every 12 seconds from each satellite. Since the logs are stored in the little Endian format and the packet headers are in big Endian format, endianness has to be considered for accurate data extraction. These logs after decoding are sent in UDP packets to the receiver which in turn stores the data in the shared memory for its readers. The reader process fetches the data from the memory and stores it to a file.