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The development of assessment system is based on a set of parametric data covering streams types in different Eco –regions. Altogether, 374 benthic macro-invertebrate samples were taken using a standardized multi-habitat sampling procedure and a large number of parameters describing the streams and their catchments are recorded for all sampling sites. A large number of metrics will be tested, independently and in combinations, for each of the stream types, to identify the degradation of a site. This multimetric assessment system is used to classify a stream stretch into an Ecological Quality Class ranging from 1 (high quality) to 5 (bad quality) and often provides information on the possible causes of degradation.

As states look to move towards the knowledge-based economy as a means of prolonging competitive advantages first obtained from labour-intensive, export-oriented manufacturing, the role of creative industries becomes increasingly important. These industries are variously defined and may be problematic in terms of their actual contribution to the overall economy but, nevertheless, facilitating their smooth functioning is held to be one of the state’s principal economic roles in the years ahead. This requires the creation of a form or forms of infrastructure that will support the creative industries and the fostering of links between them and the education system and labour market, such that the latter produce what is required by the former. The city in East Asia which has most consciously and actively pursued the means of causing the growth of creative industries is Seoul. This has necessitated the creation and implementation of a wide range of policies, in addition to affecting the physical growth of the city. As the authorities of Thailand’s city Bangkok look to the next round of growth beyond the East Asian Economic Model, the example of Seoul burns brightly. Yet there are various problems in following the Seoul example, ranging from the nature of the education system, the inability of metropolitan authorities to separate politics from planning decisions and the persistence of the value of low-labour cost manufacturing operations. This paper evaluates the nature of the Seoul model and the implications this has for the recreation of Bangkok in an environment in which the entire city may have to be abandoned to the elements.

We are very happy to announce that from 18th December 2018, Dr. Chikwature Whatmore has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Social Sciences. The appointment of Dr. Chikwature Whatmore as member, Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 21st February 2011, Dr.Garuba Omosun has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Biological Sciences. Dr.Garuba Omosun is currently working Biological Sciences Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. The appointment of Dr.Garuba Omosun as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

Dynamic Load sharing in power resources domain provides a dynamic way of handling power shortages. In this paper, we propose simplex method with ratio and proportion, current and electricity formulae and electrical engineering concepts to dynamically share power. The power distribution logically divided into various layers. The resource need is calculated from each layers using three parameters viz., Power Normal Pn, Power Excess Pe, Power Deficient Pd. Two level of repositories viz., Local Repository, Global Repository are used. The function of local repository is to have the threshold value at each layer. The global repository is installed in Grid (thermal power plant) which calculates values from all the level. We introduced threshold calculation, which includes ratio, and proportion functionality at each layer and calculated the values of Pex, Pn, Pd. In which, message transmission is done with the help of message control system between layers using clock triggering pulses. It sends a series of bits to identify whether the need of power is normal, deficient or excess. The load frequency control system maintains load demand and the frequency of machine in the generating power plant.

Edge truncated slot Aperture microstrip patch antenna for dual frequency operation is investigated in this paper. A simple microstrip edge fed has been used to feed the antenna and a quarter wave length transformers is used for impedance matching. The size of the antenna is reduced by 25.4% when compare to conventional square patch antenna. Design concepts with feeding methods are given along with simulated results. The antenna is showing a gain of 5.9db and a return loss of less than -10dB with VSWR<2 at both resonating frequencies.

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of incorporating raw or processed Meskit pods on histopatho logy of kidney and liver of sheep. Twenty-four Omani sheep were fed one of four diets: Rhodes grass hay (RGH) plus commercial concentrate (CC); RGH plus raw Meskit pods based diet (RMP); RGH plus roasted Meskit pods based diet (ROMP); RGH plus soaked Meskit pods based diet (SMP) for 84 days. Histological and serum biochemical analyses were used to assess sheep health. Animals were slaughtered and kidney and liver tissue samples were collected. The microscopic results showed that, incorporating raw, roasted or soaked pods to level of 50% of formulated rations resulted in no histological changes in kidney and liver tissues and most serum biochemical values were similar among the treatments. In general, feeding formulated rations based on raw or processed Meskit pods did not cause histological changes in kidneys or livers of Omani sheep even at high intake.

Lead sulphide (PbS) thin films have been deposited on glass slide substartes by chemical bath deposition technique from an aqueous alkaline bath containing lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2]and thiourea [SC(NH2)2]. The influence of bath temperature on the properties of the films were investigated . The structural, surface morphological and optical properties of films were studied by X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. The X-Ray diffraction studies reveal that the PbS films were polycrystalline in nature with preferrential orientation along (200) plane. The scanning electron microscopy results indicate that the films were smooth, uniform and adherent to the substrate. The band gap energy was decreased from 1.2 eV to 0.9 eV as the bath temperature was increased from 30 OC to 60 OC. The films deposited at 60 ^OC have shown good crystallinity and uniformly distributed over the surface of substrate with larger grain sizes. Therefore, the optimum bath temperature is 60 ^OC.

Health facilities can be sources of bio-hazards to healthcare personnel (HCP). Personal protective equipments (PPE) are among the key preventive control measures. The main objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of PPE as a safeguard against HBV, HCV, and HIV exposure amongst HCP at Public Primary healthcare facilities in Mombasa County. The study endeavored to assess the range and quality standards of PPEs available, adherence to PPE safety guidelines, and the rates of occupational exposures HIV, HBV, and HCV occupational exposure amongst HCP in these facilities. The research adopted a Descriptive Cross-sectional design by utilizing structured questionnaires and lab assays as data collection tools. A simple random sampling approach was used in selection of the subjects. The subjects included Clinical Officers, Lab Technicians, Nursing, Medical assistants, and Housekeepers. Laboratory assays were conducted to determine the quality standards of the PPE sampled from the facilities against KEBS standards. The findings were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0 and presented using pie charts, contingency tables, and bar charts. This study ascertained that amongst the PPE, the uptake and compliance to gloves usage was the highest at 93.3%. There was significant association between range of PPE and utilization of available protective gear [X2 (DF= 1, N= 149) = 0.017, p= 0.05]. Quality standard analysis results established that the gloves met the accepted quality levels. 69%were exposed to blood and OPIM, Sharp related injuries were the highest reported mode of exposure at 44.7%, 70.4% of the exposed had access to hands protection [X2 (DF= 1, N= 103) = 0.548, p= 0.05]. PPE are not effective as apparatus but are effective when implemented as a policy whereby adequate supply, quality standards, adherence to usage and guidelines are critical to the success of the program.

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of job satisfaction of library professionals as it affects the organizational productivity in selected academic libraries in southwest Nigeria. The descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The study population was made up of 94 librarians drawn from the six selected university. The questionnaire instrument was used to gather relevant data. The data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that job satisfaction positively affects Organizational productivity of the professional studied. This study thus concluded that job satisfaction has great impact in the overall Organizational Productivity of Library Professionals in academic libraries in Nigeria.