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The study analyzed the demand Analysis for household consumption of garri in Imo State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 180 garri consumers from the state and the primary data were collected with structured questionnaire from the respondents. Descriptive and Inferential statistical tools such as means, standard deviation, percentage, multiple regression and logit regression analysis were used to achieve the specific objectives of the study. The result showed total expenditure on garri and fufu was N2,056.75 of which yellow garri has the highest share of N1,092.88 (53.14%), followed by white garri that was N588.88 (28.63%), and fufu’s share was N375 (18.23%), It further showed that garri is a normal, price inelastic good that has strong degree of competitiveness and suitability with fufu and income elastic. Age of the household head, household monthly income and price of garri are important factors influencing preference of yellow garri consumption. It was recommended that Price of garri should be stabilized across the markets to ensure consumers’ greater access and affordability, Households should be encourage to aggressively engage in cassava production and processing into preferred types of garri, fufu and other cassava products to stem ensure all year round availability of garri and other products in the country. 

In metal machining process turning operation of cylindrical parts are machined on CNC turning machine. Present work includes the machining of cylindrical component having non-concentric shape. Rotary fixture is designed for machining on CNC turning machine. To avoid unbalancing of fixture, fixture must be balanced by adding the counterweight on rotary fixture to minimize machining rejection. The fixture can be balanced by dynamic balancing machine. In project work rotary fixture will balance by Computer Aided Mass Balancing (CAMB) methodology. The methodology for balancing rotary fixture will use to calculate counterweight to be added on rotary fixture along with its position.

This paper addresses the development of a Human Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM) operated forge cutter. This set-up is used to cut forage crop residues like maize Stover, sorghum Stover in dry condition. This cut Stover can be feed to cattle directly. The current practice by small livestock farmers is to cut forage manually by axe or machetes. The mechanized cutters also available which are hand operated as well as electric motor driven. But today there is severe power shortage in country like India, particularly in rural and remote area. It is convergent to the fact that the hand muscles are weaker than leg muscles. The concept of human powered flywheel motor is used to develop the pedal operated forge cutter. In this set-up flywheel is used as a motor or a store for energy. The operator pumps the energy into flywheel by pedaling bicycle- drive mechanism with a speed rising gear pair. After a one minute pedaling is stopped, and then flywheel shaft is connected to cutter shaft through spiral jaw clutch. The stored energy is enough to operate cutter effectively and efficiently. The test performance of developed cutter shows the remarkable improvements over hand operated forage cutter.

In Classical Hypothesis testing volumes of data is to be collected and then the conclusions are drawn, which may need more time. But, Sequential Analysis of Statistical science could be adopted in order to decide upon the reliability / unreliability of the developed software very quickly. The procedure adopted for this is, Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT). It is designed for continuous monitoring. The likelihood based SPRT proposed by Wald is very general and it can be used for many different probability distributions. In the present paper we propose the performance of SPRT on 5 data sets of ungrouped using delayed S-shaped model and analyzed the results. The parameters are estimated using Maximum Likelihood Estimation method.

This work was carried out in order to optimize the friction phase parameters, of friction welding of M2 high speed steel, to AISI 1040 medium carbon steel, namely; rotational speed, friction pressure and friction time. The experiments were designed as per Taguchi method. The optimization of the experimentally obtained results was carried out by trying three mathematical models, namely; a multiple linear regression model without interaction effect, a multiple linear regression model with interactions effect, and a second-order polynomial regression model. The three models were evaluated using the experimental data, the coefficient of multiple determination R2, and Standard error of the regression (S), were used as the evaluation criteria of the models. The polynomial model was chosen, and optimized using a Genetic Algorithm. The optimal value of the joint strength of 411 MPa was obtained at the highest value of the time ( 44.9 sec.) and the pressure of 112 MPs and the speed of 1349 r.p.m.

A subset D of the vertex set V(G) of a graph G is said to be a dominating set if every vertex not in D is adjacent to atleast one vertex in D. A dominating set D is said to be an eccentric dominating set if for every v ? V?D, there exists atleast one eccentric point of v in D. A subset D is a distance closed set of G if for each vertex u ? D and for each w ? V?D, there exists atleast one vertex v ? D such that d(u, v) = dG(u, w). An eccentric dominating set D of G is a distance closed eccentric dominating set if the induced subgraph is distance closed. The minimum of the cardinalities of the distance closed eccentric dominating set is called as the distance closed eccentric domination number ?dced(G) of G. In this paper, bounds for ?dced(G), its exact value for some particular classes of graphs and some results on distance closed eccentric domination number are obtained.

We are very happy to announce that from 21st February 2011, Dr.Chukwunonso ECC Ejike has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Biochemistry. Dr.Chukwunonso ECC Ejike is currently working Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. The appointment of Dr.Chukwunonso ECC Ejike as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

This literature review consists of three parts. In the first part, a brief introduction of speaking comprehension will be offered, followed by a discussion of the importance of speaking comprehension. Then, an overview of speaking skills will be given. Additionally, potential obstacles for students in speaking comprehension will be introduced. Last, a discussion on factors that contribute to speaking difficulties and thus affect speaking comprehension will be presented.The second part looks at defining some basic concepts and theories behind dynamic assessment (DA) such as: (a) sociocultural theory of mind, (b) zone of proximal development, (c) dynamic assessment, and (d) dynamic assessment of dynamic abilities.In the third part of this review, literature on DA is divided into the following sections: (e) components of DA, (f) models of DA, (g) approaches to DA, (h) criticism of dynamic assessment, (i) dynamic assessment and psychometric critiques, (j) previous research on DA in language education, (k) DA in the foreign language setting, (l) group dynamic assessment in the foreign language classroom, and (m) DA/GDA in Iran.

The main focus of the study was to assess the effects of determinants of financial performance on manufacturing firms. The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study examined the effect of capital structure with reference to identify the effect of equity, debentures and retained earnings on financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The research scope focused on manufacturing firms in Kenya. The target population of the study being 199 manufacturing firms in Nairobi County taken to be a representative of all manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study adopted a survey design that was both descriptive and exploratory in collecting data. The key findings were that determinants of financial performance individually had a positive influence on the financial performance of manufacturing firms. The results indicated a moderately significant linear relationship between capital structure and manufacturing firm’s performance. Managers who were consulted about these results attributed the low explanatory power of variables to stiff competition, quality of the product and government policies. The study assists policy makers in coming up with better policies on improvement of financial performance. The study adds to the literature on manufacturing firm’s financial performance.

Corcyra cephalonica, the food grain pests were exposed to Castor leaf and fruit extracts for toxicity evaluation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs using percent and probit kill method(Finney-1971). The IIIrd instar larvae were exposed to the sub-lethal doses of 150, 300 and 450 mg of leaf and fruit extracts for 10 days and their total protein and carbohydrates were estimated. The Protein and Carbohydrates were found decreased followed by delayed metamorphosis and deformed adults emerged from the pupae.