Archives-June... 

When I was 16 I read an abstract about Ernest Hemingway’s story life and his dead. It disappointed me because I didn’t know why he should kill himself with a shotgun. I was encouraged by this question to find an answer to this question. Now I am 22 years old and being an English student is my key chance! Yes key chance because I’ve made a golden house and there is a door and you should be able to answer to all questions in English to pass the door and enter to the house .So knowing English proficiently is the key of entering. But when I decided to choose this article that why Ernest Hemingway killed himself as the same way that his father had done before him I thought that nobody can answer to this question and probably no one knew him more than himself and non of his friends are alive so what should I do ? After thinking a lot finally I found that he was a man that tried to have another Ernest in his stories like in the story of “Charles”! So who he was? I selected short stories & or excepts by early 20 century American author, Ernest Hemingway, Found background information on Hemingway, provided access to print and electronic resources to collect data an critical comments on the Hemingway’s short stories, and provide some time for the reading of the short stories. Finally I got that there is a character in his short stories that has lots of similarities with his characteristic and he was Nick Adams and in my opinion he is the second Ernest who is not dead and every day that Ernest’s books are printing he is born and shows that Ernest is alive and it means that my key chance is in its exact position and with a little pressure the door will be opened and now I am trying …But this is 1.4 of my complete issue.

The phenomenon of higher urban populations and increasing levels of industrialization in urban cities of the developing world has increased the volumes of solid wastes generated on daily basis. The increasing volumes have largely overwhelmed the containment capacities of city authorities which, hitherto, wielded the exclusive right and responsibility. There has, therefore, been a paradigm shift which has seen the “institutional field” opened up to allow for other non-state providers to augment the efforts of the public sector. Using the Public Choice Theory as a theoretical lens, this paper discusses the main arguments for non-state intervention in the provision of urban sanitation services as a complementary arrangement to that of the public sector. The tripartite stakeholders – state, private sector and non-governmental organizations – have been discussed in this paper with the help of a framework. The paper further discusses in detail, the role of non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations in urban sanitation service provisions as well as the key challenges encountered. The study concludes by highlighting the need for a level playing field and the need for providing recognition to and support for all stakeholders which would go a long way to enhance urban sanitation service provision.

Reading motivation is one of the most important factors, receives the special focus in foreign language teaching. Research has suggested that explicit reading strategies can be taught to students and improving their reading motivation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of reciprocal teaching strategy on reading motivation. Reciprocal teaching strategy consists of four basic reading strategies: predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing. Cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies are the reciprocal teaching strategies used to enhance students’ reading motivation. This paper will discuss whether ‘reciprocal teaching strategies’ enhance students reading motivation or not. This lack of good reading motivation skill is exacerbated by the central role of reading motivation in higher education success. One solution to this problem of poor reading motivation skill is the explicit teaching strategies. This paper is going to define the key words, reading motivation process, reading strategies, cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies, reading motivation and reciprocal teaching, and state relationship between reciprocal teaching and reading motivation. The findings indicated that reciprocal teaching had a significantly positive effect on the English reading motivation.

The purpose of this research is to study the development of SKPT Saumlaki in fishery priority sector. The research method used is descriptive quantitative and literature review. The data used are secondary data published by BPS-Statistics of West Southeast Maluku (MTB) and Maluku Province. Fisheries is an important sector and can be developed in improving people's islands welfare. Therefore, need efforts to increase the production with the infrastructure and facility development in Saumlaki Fishery Centre.

In the present study, we report a theoretical study on molecular structure, electronic and thermodynamical properties of 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazole tautomers by using density functional theory (DFT) methods employing B3LYP exchange correlation with different basis;6-311,6-311++, and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The Synchronous Transit-Guided Quasi-Newton (STQN) method was used to locate the transition structures. The reactants and products were fully optimized at the DFT level of theory using 6-311++G (d,P) basis set in gas phase and the equilibrium constant and rate of reaction were calculated. Global descriptors such as ionization energy (I), electron affinity (EA), molecular hardness (?), chemical potential (?), electrophilicity (?), and frontier molecular energy gaps (?Eg) were determined and used to identify the differences in the reactivity of reactant and product. The bond lengths of transition state were lie between the reactant and product. From the values of ?, ? and ? suggested that product is more energetically stable and less reactive, that reactant is more electronegative than the product and reactant is a good electrophile and product is a good nucleophile.

Life is a journey. The way time flies. Three decades of academics, research and charity packed life. From 1984 – 2014 the pedestal has been on to shape tropical agriculture, capture temperate agriculture, and serve humanity in all spheres of life. Most rewarding is the metamorphosis in academics and charity at local and cross-country levels. There can be no better tribute to my lecturers, supervisors, students, bosses, schools, colleges and universities than to review this personal three decades of experimentation in tropical Nigeria.

The size and aggregation state of soil can be influenced by different soil management processes. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of three tillage practices; Manual clearing (MC), Plough tillage (PT) and Conventional tillage (CT) with vetiver grass strips (VGS) spaced at surface interval of 0 m (control), 5 m and 10 m. Soil samples were collected at (0-0.05 m) depth after each growing seasons in 2004 to 2006. Soil organic carbon was determined in the laboratory. Water stable aggregates (WSA) and mean weight diameter (MWD) were determined by wet sieving in 2004 to 2006. Soil organic carbon was significantly higher by 3.7 and 4.8%, respectively on both PH and CT than MC in 2005. Mean weight diameter was significantly increased on 10 m VGS than the control by 3.5% but similar to 5 m VGS. The result showed that tillage both (MC and PT) significantly increased water stable aggregate only in 2004 growing season by 20 and 16%, respectively. Appreciable but not significant increases in mean of WSA over the three years were 1 and 2.7% on 5 m and 10 m , respectively. The study showed that tillage and vetiver grass strips may have immediate and subsequent effects on soil aggregation.

Access to energy has been found to affect attainment of sustainable development of a country. Poverty, unemployment, and other developmental problems facing Nigeria have been traced to unavailability of energy for both domestic and industrial purposes. In recent times, government has been active in developing the renewable energy sector to meet the country’s energy need. But this has been hampered by many problems. This paper identify some of these problems, which include absence of policy, legal and regulatory framework, non-existence of framework for Power Purchase Agreements (PPA), weak institutional framework, high initial capital costs, lack of technical or commercial skills and information, public awareness, subsidies for competing fuels , and corruption, and ways of turning the situation around were suggested. The paper however concludes that if the government, private investors, research institutions, various agent of government and the general public can join hands together, these barriers would be overcome and adequate energy provided for the Nigeria citizen.

Introduction Bilateral asymmetric traumatic hip dislocation is a rare orthopaedic condition. Only few cases are reported in the literature. Most of the bilateral hip dislocations are posterior dislocation. In few numbers it is a combination of both anterior and posterior dislocation. We report such a case of asymmetric traumatic bilateral hip dislocation in an adult of 30 years of age. Case Report A 30 year adult male was presented to our casualty following road traffic accident with complaints of severe pain in the hips with deformity and inability to move. The right hip was abducted and externally rotated and the left hip was adducted, flexed and internally rotated. Clinically the right hip was dislocated anteriorly while the left hip was dislocated posteriorly. The clinical findings were confirmed by X-ray of the pelvis with hips. Reduced under general anaesthesia within four hours, both the hip showed concentric reduction. Conclusion Bilateral asymmetric dislocation of the hip, though a rare condition may present because of increase in number of road traffic accidents. Early diagnosis and reduction of the dislocated joint is the key to regain a normal hip joint and to prevent avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Key Words: Hip dislocation; asymmetric; bilateral; adult; avascular necrosis

Tuning proportional integral and derivative (PID) controllers for Isothermal CSTR system is proposed. The PID controller is designed based on internal model control and stability analysis principles. The proposed controllers are applied to stable transfer function models of isothermal CSTR carrying out Van de Vusse reaction. Simulation results on non-linear model equations of isothermal CSTR carrying out Van de Vusse reaction is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed PID controllers. The performance under model uncertainty is also studied considering perturbation in one parameter at a time. The performance of proposed controllers is compared with the direct synthesis method (Chien et al., 2003).