Archives-June... 

With the digital technology getting inexpensive and popular, there has been a tremendous increase in the volume and availability of audio through cable and Internet such as music on demand. Currently several web sites host audio and provide users with the facility to browse and watch online audio clips. Due to enhancement in technology in the recent years lots of music is available as handy media for various devices. Thus there is an urgent need of analyzing music for storage, indexing and retrieval. In this paper we aimed at classifying music on the basis of their audios. We have identified three audios for this purpose: happy, angry and sad. These cognitive styles have few things in common. Identifying and extracting these features is a challenging problem. On the basis of our observations and literature review we have identified the eight features namely energy, entropy, zero-crossing rate, spectral rolloff, spectral centroid, spectral flux, RMS of signal and MFCC. After extracting features we have used neural network based training for classification. We have used Artificial Neural Content Techniques and neural net tool for this purpose. We have populated a database of 150 songs consisting of 50 songs of each category. In this population 90 songs are used for training set and 60 for testing. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our classification system. We have obtained an overall accuracy of nearly 75%. The complete system is developed in ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK of the system.

Ditch cutting samples of organic rich intervals (Nkporo, Mamu, Nsukka and Imo formations) in Anambra basin from Oda River-1 and Anambra River-2 wells were subjected to Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Rock-eval Pyrolysis analyses to evaluate their organic matter richness, organic matter type and thermal maturity. The samples comprised of shales, siltstones, lignites and claystones. The shales are dark coloured and moderately indurated with carbonaceous silt and dolomite stringers. The siltstones are fine to medium grained and dark grey to brown in colour. The lignites are grey to black coloured, medium grained, moderately hard to brittle and occurred as stringers. The claystones are grey coloured and medium grained. The TOC and Pyrolysis derived S2 results of the samples are 0.98-4.71 wt. % and 0.12-5.39 mg/g, respectively indicating poor to excellent source rocks. Hydrogen Index, Tmax, Genetic potential and measured vitrinite reflectance are 9-114 mg/g, 424 -471oC, 0.13-5.67 mg/g rock, and 0.41-0.88, respectively. Rock-eval data from the two wells indicated predominantly kerogen type IV kerogen with subordinate gas prone kerogen type III organic matter. Mamu Formation samples dominated kerogen type III and were abundant in Anambra River-2 well. Most samples from Anambra River-2 well are thermally mature while fewer samples from Oda River-1 well are thermally mature for hydrocarbon generation. However, majority of kerogen type III in Anambra River-2 well contained inert carbon.

The most significant energy consumers in energy related industries are boilers and other gas-fired systems. Combustion efficiency term commonly used for boilers and other fired systems and the information on either carbon dioxide (CO2) or oxygen (O2) in the exhaust gas can be used. Efficiency increase and pollutant emission control are the most significant projects of the world. In this paper the incomplete combustion process has solved and the effect of excess air to boiler pollution has considered. The concept of equilibrium constant and molar balanceused to find unknown coefficient in combustion products. The conclusion shows there is an optimum for excess air to reduce boiler pollution and increase boiler efficiency. The conclusion also shows to reduce mole fraction of NO, CO2 and CO in a gas fired boiler, the excess must be about 10 percent.

This paper estimated Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices from the generalized burr density function to further justify the wide flexibility and applicability of the function in fitting many life datasets. It computed estimates of the parameters of the selected density and the goodness of fit statistic from the 2010 Harmonized Nigeria Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) dataset conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of Nigeria. The goodness of fit test indicated that the selected density was appropriate and estimates of the indices obtained from the density were approximately close to the ones obtained through the traditional approach.

The research paper seeks to identify challenges of mobile deposit in Ghana. The study used stratified, convenience and purposeful techniques to arrive at the sample size and descriptive statistics for the presentation and analysis of findings. The mobile deposit solution is 24 hours a day 7 days a week service which makes it convenient for clients of First Capital Plus Bank to deposit money anytime anywhere through mobile banking has proven to be very effective means of mobilizing deposit apart from the traditional usual walk in deposit (Banson et al, 2013). The findings shows that mobile deposit as a way of deposit mobilization through mobile banking has some challenges with the major ones being Accessibility to Speed Banking Cards (SBC’s), Network failure, Deposit not credited to clients account, Delay in crediting clients account and Clients going to the bank before some challenges can be resolved. Accessibility to SBC’s is the key challenge among all.

Of the various methods available for providing better and effective treatment of wastewater, the method of using compact liner membrane prepared from bentonite, cement, lime, gypsum etc with clayey soil was explored in the laboratory scale experiments. The primary purpose of the liner membrane was to isolate the wastewater contents and, therefore, to protect the soil and ground water from pollution. Low porosity, slow diffusive transport, high adsorption of cations, and plasticity / swelling is some of the interesting properties of clay which makes it desirable as a liner membrane material. The metal concentration of wastewater passing through the compact liner were found to be below permissible limit and the metal concentration reduced to 87%, 96.33%, 90.4 % and 99% for zinc, copper, cadmium and lead respectively from their original concentration in wastewater. The present findings suggest that compact liner membrane can be used as a potential alternative technology to wastewater treatment.

Plant products easily damage due many reasons as one may be susceptibility nature to diseases due high content of water. This research analysis the water potential of plant tissues and its relation to heat stress. Fresh, clean and healthy plants, Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. Sativus), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Capsicum (Capsicum annuum), Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were analyzed under different concentrations of sucrose solution followed by the calculation of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and chlorophyll stability index were done for spinach, Spinacia oleracea as model for the study of heat stress using spectrophotometer. Tomato tissue has lowest solute content and high-water potential and sweet potato tissue has highest solute content and lowest water potential. Spinach being leafy vegetable have very high solute content and high chlorophyll stability index. High water potential refers the availability of water in plant products such as fruits, vegetables etc. Solute concentration in tissues is inversely proportional to water potential, higher the solute concentration higher is the chlorophyll stability index and higher is the stress tolerance apart from the other factors affecting stress tolerance.

The power consumption of modern microprocessors is a primary design limitation across all processing domains, from embedded devices to high performance chips. Reducing feature sizes and increasing numbers of transistors residing on a single die only impairs this issue. Schemes are immediately required to handle this issue, yet still deliver high performance from the system. Architectures have several options for the organization cache. Typically, there are two approaches to improve the efficiency of the cache: either by increasing the number of “live” blocks residing in the cache —while keeping the capacity of the cache intact— or by dynamically adjusting the cache size to the actual requirements of the executing applications. In this paper we have compared some proposed methodologies from selective research papers for improvement of cache performance. The first one resizes cache and unused part is gradually decayed i.e. stop producing hits. In second approach cache is divided into hierarchy, which is searched in sections one by one to get a required hit. Finally, in third approach we re-configure our cache by using a configuration vector that is loaded with a new configuration before an application is started.

The present review covers the literature of digital video watermarking schemes based on considering the video during encoding or encoded video in an increasing order of their publication year from 1998 to 2016. Through extensive literature, some grouping is required. Therefore, only papers published by a method of peer review in high class journal are reviewed. Most of the papers are deals with MPEG structure. Few papers are following the structure of H.264/AVC. These articles include experimental, analytical and numerical work for specific applications. This review also takes papers from good conferences and meeting on video watermarking in addition to above reviewing journal articles. The limitations and the still existing challenges are described in the later part of the review facilitate for those authors who further require doing some innovative work in this field. Eventually, the aim of the authors is to covers the in-depth discussion on already published literature based on compressed domain video watermarking.

The aim of this presentation is to connect Extenics with new fields of research, i.e. fuzzy logic and neutrosophic logic. We show herein: - How Extenics is connected to the 3-Valued Neutrosophic Logic, - How Extenics is connected to the 4-Valued Neutrosophic Logic, - How Extenics is connected to the n-Valued Neutrosophic Logic, when contradictions occurs.