Archives-June... 

Improper disposal of wastewater is one of the major problems our societies are facing today. The high cost of treating waste produced by industries every day is very high, which makes it difficult for industries to treat their wastewater effectively before disposal or reuse. The aim of this research work is to characterize the adsorbent (carbide ash) and use it to remove the four different heavy metals (Cadmium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese) present in wastewater. The drying method was used for the carbide ash waste while the adsorption method was used for the wastewater treatment. The moisture content of the ash was determined, and analytical techniques was used to characterize the ash are Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microsco [FTIR, (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for the quantification of the untreated and treated wastewater. FTIR results showed the spectrum at 3218cm-1 (stretching vibration hydroxyl group), 1375.cm-1 (bending vibration of methyl group), 764.1 cm-1 ( presence of calcium oxide), scanning electron microscope (SEM) which shows the smooth morphology of carbide, X-ray diffraction (XRD) identified mineral composition (Portlandite Syn = 65 %, Lime = 24 %, Osumilite = 3.9 %, Quartz Syn = 2.8 %, Graphite-3R = 1 % and Anhydrite Syn = 3.1 %) of carbide ash sample, th ermogravimetric analysis (TGA) which shows the stability of carbide ash at decreased mass of 20 g when its temperature increased reaches 470 °C and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis which shows the pore sizes of 5.0783 e. The quantitative analysis of the adsorption treatment was carried out by the optimization of (dosage, time and pH). The result of the moisture content is (4.5 %). The results for the analysis for the optimized dosage for the four metals (Cd, Mn, Ni, and Co) are (80.71, 79.9, 99.89, and 80.29) %. The pH optimization for the four metals (Cd, Mn, Ni, and Co) are (81.09, 97.56, 75.58, and 85.47) % respectively and for the time optimization of the four metals (Cd, Mn, Ni, and Co) are (81.09, 81.0, 73.41, and 72.06) % respectively. In conclusion, this study proves that carbide ash is effective for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater, with removal efficiency of 99.8%.

To provide cashew seedlings with the optimum growing conditions possible during the early phases of establishment, it is crucial to reduce stress. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physiological response of cashew to soil moisture and light conservation under various shading regimes. The seedlings were raised in a 2.8 litter plastic container filled with topsoil under partial shade, semi-partial shade and unshaded (control) conditions at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, (CRIN) Ibadan. The experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design with 4 replications per treatment. The shade effects were studied for 7 months and data on morphological parameters such as plant height, stem girth, numbers of leaves were collected. Light and moisture meter were used to read the amount of sunlight penetration and soil moisture. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means. From the result, plant height growth was highest in the control (full sun) at 50.52cm as the control also had the thickest stem girth and highest number of leaves. Shade imposes a limitation on growth and development of cashew seedlings but varies with shading levels. It should be noted that the results observed in this study are specific to the environmental conditions of the study site.

Treatment of wastewater has become a real challenge in recent years. Effluents of a large variety of industries usually contain important quantities of synthetic organics. The discharge of these colored compounds in the environment causes considerable non-aesthetic pollution and serious health-risk factors. The textile industry is one of the most important export industries of India. This paper presents a general review of efficient electrochemical techniques to decolorize dyeing effluents for environmental protection. The electrochemical treatment of wastewater is considered as one of the advanced oxidation processes, potentially a powerful method of pollution control, offering high removal efficiencies the removal of colour in textile industry. Electrochemical treatment of dye industry wastewater was investigated using different electrodes. Also it has to be seen that whether this type of industrial waste influent can be reused by proper implementation of treatment on water and choosing the correct method for treatment of dye waste water.

Acoustic waves have a massive potential in the realm of crack detection. Since cracks remain undetected for a long time, which may result in component damage, all sorts of methodologies which help in crack detection are considered to avoid deterioration and failure. Acoustic Emission (AE) is a critical indicator of crack initiation and propagation. Due to this, crack localization is done effectively using AE in different applications. The methodologies incorporating the acoustic waves' ability to detect and probe the crack existence is found to be practically viable and feasible. The paper makes an effort to analyze the different methodologies incorporating the AE towards the crack detection and propagation from all practical perspectives.

This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of Rodents and insectivora population of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (YBR). Some aspects have been treated and are related to diversity, reproduction, structure of Rodents and insectivorous populations aforesaid Reserve. Sampling collection place from 22nd to 25th September 2019 using trapping technic trapping in parallel and horizontal lines using Sherman and small Victor traps. For a total of 489 harm-trap, 43 specimens were captured, with a success of captures of 8,79% testifying an abundance of the Rodents and the Insectivora of the YBR. The 35 captured Rodents belong to 5 genera and 5 species (Hybomys lunaris, Hylomyscus stella, Lophuromys luteogaster, Praomys. cf. jacksoni and Stochomys longicaudatus) and 8 Insectivora are regrouped in Crocidura sp. On the whole, the ecological indices of Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Equitability show that the biodiversity of small mammals is high. The analysis shows that the reproduction of males and females is higher, during the period of study. The average of litters varies according to species (1 to 2 embryos). Finely, some stability was observed in the structure of Rodent and Insectivora’s populations where the sex-ratio was in balance, because the difference was non significantly among males and females individuals and we had observed some stability in population’s structure by the presence of 3 classes who are: the adults (26 individuals), the subadults (2 individuals) and the young (8).

The bioecological study of Harithalodes derogata in northern Kerala is scanty. The larval instars of Harithalodes derogata feeds on many crops in northern Kerala, especially in okra. It also causes severe damage in Hibiscus sp. The study was conducted in the monsoon and post monsoon seasons of 2019 to 2020. Leaf roll was up to 80- 85 % in okra and 35-40 % in hibiscus and the defoliation was observed 70-75 % in okra and 30-35 % in hibiscus under heavy infestation. The field population of larvae was highest in August and December, while it was lowest in June and July.

The advancements in surgical nephrology in the management of numerous renal pathologies in the form of vascular reconstruction, renal transplants, nephron sparing surgeries, etc and the indispensable use of non invasive MDCT technology in detecting the variations in renal arteries anatomy has validated the study. Assessment of the anatomical variants of bilateral renal arteries in Indian population cohort on MDCT angiography and its clinical implications. 110 subjects were included in the study. The subjects were in the age group of 20 to 50 years. There were 60 (55%) male and 50(45%) female subjects. Normal and variant anatomy of renal arteries was studied using a 40 slice multidetector CT scanner. 76(69%) patients had single renal artery on right side, two renal arteries in 32(29%) patients and three renal arteries in 2(1.8%) patients. On the left side 87(79%) patients have single renal artery, 19(17%) patients have two renal arteries and 4(3.6%) patients have three renal arteries. No correlation with respect to the sex of the subjects was found. Knowledge of the renal artery anatomy is crucial in attaining the precision in renal related surgeries and MDCT renal angiography is the ideal modality of choice as it is not only accurate but also provides a detailed anatomical road map of the vascular anatomy.

There is a terrible crisis faced by public insecurity at "Laja Bajío" region at the State of Guanajuato, Mexico; leading to shutdowns and investment cancellation. Given this scenario, businessmen are in need to hire security service companies to provide them surveillance at their installations. Receiving businessmen whom are not considered to be satisfied with contractors, have been seen short in training to be operative personnel -caretaker, guardian, etc.- and this is not compatible with standardized organizational quality standards, also this create a bad image to corporate visitors, moreover projecting further distrust. A study with business users of private services in this area has been carried out, to know the characteristics of a good supplier. It has contrasted with the study to lenders to propose a business model that allows the establishment of a security execution and surveillance service company that meets the requirements and needs of receivers. It is an alternate business and investment. It is an alternate business and investment

Improperly designed cause undesirable effects below unstable loading in each bolstered concrete(RC) frames and masonry load wall structures. Doors and windows (openings) are inescapable parts in brick masonry in-filled RC structures and masonry load wall structures owing to its practical and ventilation necessities.The presence of openings in brick masonry walls reduces the lateral stiffness and strength of the enclose each RC and cargo bearing structures, that changes the particular behavior of structure.If these openings ar settled within the restricted zones like areas inside middle 2 thirds of a wall, then the wall has to be strong by providing necessary horizontal (bands) structural components like header or header bands around them. Lack of such structural components could cause the structure to endure severe injury throughout the earthquake event.In this paper, two case studies, (a) seismic analysis of RC framed building without provision of bands (b) seismic analysis of RC framed building with provision of bands at different level

Pressure relief valves uncertainty and parameter variations are of major significance in the hydraulic system operations. The use of one such valve, a compound pressure relief valve is the subject of this paper. From the deduced differential equations, MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation model developed. The pressure response of a valve with damping spool pilot poppet has been investigated and compared with the experimental results. Also simulated the effects of some critical parameters on the valve dynamic performance.