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One of the pressures of human population on the planet is the rapid and unbridled growth of cities. In the cities, the concepts of sustainability and sustainable urban development are on the basis of ecological, economic and socio-political, cultural, and spatial dimensions and contrast of these dimensions. In recent decades, many indicators have been developed to investigate the stability of the cities and one of the best indicators in this field, is the ecological footprint. The purpose of this study is to evaluate sustainable transportation of Tehran applying ecological footprint model and Compare the ecological footprint of urban subway and road transport system. The results of the study showed that the ecological footprint of Tehran transportation is equal to 3348734.16 global hectares while Tehran's biological capacity to absorb the carbon released in the transport sector is equal to 9664.2(gha). Also, the carbon footprint of metro transit system is equal to 12,428 global hectares and the carbon footprint of road system transportation is equal to 3,323,152 global hectares and the produced carbon in road transport system, per kilometer, is 85 times larger than the produced carbon in the Metro system. The ecological footprint of Tehran transportation points to the deterioration of the current situation and it is clear that the policies of transport development are unsustainable and the current transport patterns will make Tehran uninhabitable in the near future. In such conditions, for the development of sustainable transport system based on environmental criteria, a low-carbon transport, transit-oriented development (TOD), and the creation of Green corridor could be some tools for sustainable development in the transportation sector of Tehran.

D.H.Lawrence is considered to be the most original writer of the first half of this century. He belongs to a period which was “a rich period of creative innovation and experiment in English Literature”. The novels of Lawrence have emphasized the meaning of sex and its important role in human behaviour ever since the beginning of literature, man has always been reluctant to talk about sex. Sex has always been a taboo. Lawrence wants men and women to think sex fully, completely, honestly and cleanly. Thus he expects the human race to have a proper respect for sex.

The Electrical Resistivity investigation was carried out around, Kandili Panchayat union, Vellore District, to identified the moderate and deep depth of groundwater potential zone and understand the subsurface geologic layer, the maximum electrode separation 360m by schlumberger configuration. Geologically, denoted metamorphic rock, basement of Precambrian age. The field data obtained have been analyzed using IPI2WIN software, Inverse slope which gives an automatic interpretation of the apparent resistivity data was interpreted. The investigation data from groundwater potential zone divided as priority vies minimum to maximum resistivity value, (I- Kannalapatti 0.010 to 0.805), (II-Koratti0.042 to 1.077), (III-Thokkium 0.054 to 3.651), (IV –Natham 0.045 to 4.124), (V-S.Pallipattu0.195 to 6.108). Key Words: Vertical Electrical Sounding, Groundwater Potential Zone, Kandili Panchayat Union.

Design and simulation of planar inverted folded fractal antennas are designed to operate at wireless communication applications. The proposed models are having size reduction of 15-20% compared to the conventional antennas and operating with stable gain and good bandwidth. First model is resonating at 2.6 GHz and second model is at 2.8 GHz. This paper addresses the development of compact and efficient planar inverted fractal antenna with some methods for improving the bandwidth and reduction in volume. Ansoft HFSS electromagnetic simulation software has been used to simulate the performance of these fractal structured PIFA antennas.

The purpose of the study was to establish the determinants of poverty in Hodan district in Mogadishu, Somalia. Specifically, the study was necessary to address the following specific objectives that is, To examine the effect of the dependency ratio on poverty in Somalia, To find out the effect of savings on poverty in Somalia, and To investigate the effect of Human Capital on poverty in Somalia. Poverty of Somalia has been a long term recurring problem. Somalia faces a number of major obstacles to development: civil conflict, the lack of a fully functioning central government, and natural calamities such as drought and floods. In addition, the ongoing armed struggle has often prevented much-needed humanitarian assistance from reaching the population. The prominent ones being absence of an active central government, civil disputes, natural calamities like floods and droughts. Poverty in Somalia has increased manifold since 1990. The researcher was used a descriptive survey design method for the study. Survey design is a design in which data is collected using questionnaires. The population of settlers in Hodan district is 114,348 hence the researcher will use Cochran?s formula to yield a representative sample for the proportions. The study was selected a sample of 384 respondents from the different households in Hodan district in Banadir region, Somalia. In getting the sample size, the researcher will use Cochran?s formula to yield a representative sample for the proportions. The researcher will employ percentages and frequencies to analyze the results of questionnaire using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-20). Average dependency due to the high population is high in developing countries in which labour productivity would be low because of inadequate nutritional food, health and education. The last statement on the relationships between poverty and family dependency was whether the personal savings income can lead to a lower level of personal poverty, this aspect was intended to examine the savings of the individual?s role on poverty reducing efforts as the respondents. The conclusions were based on the objectives of the study that determinant of poverty in Hodan distract Mogadishu –Somalia. The result showed the high dependency ratio has facilitated limited or low access to university education among household members causing unemployment in the country. As a result of the massive unemployment, the youth are left with few options for survival but migration or joining armed groups as the alternative for gaining a decent standard of living. The study recommends the adoption of objectives of the study that determinant of poverty in Hodan distract Mogadishu –Somalia. The researcher recommending that Somali Government decrease the unemployment issues because will increase the poverty that would lead money violence and insecurity problems.

Mass violence invariably results in devastating consequences that may significantly impair an individual’s cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral functioning, besides destroying the community’s moral, cultural and social fabric. It inevitably results in trauma, which, if not confronted with psychotropic medicine or therapy, may never heal. Psychotherapeutic interventions facilitate the victim’s understanding and acceptance of the new realities, thus giving hope and meaning to an otherwise disintegrating life. Consequently, the preparedness of humanitarian agencies in psychotherapeutic interventions can greatly assist victims especially in mass violence settings, just as happened in Kenya’s 2007 post election violence (PEV). The purpose of the study was to gather information on, and evaluate the use of psychotherapeutic support as an interventional strategy in helping trauma victims. Also, the study investigated the prevalence, provision, influence of time response and intervener skills on the effectiveness of the strategy; and, discrimination in availability and accessibility of the service across geographical localities, ethnic communities, gender, and age grouping. An estimated 31% of the internally displaced persons (IDPs) randomly selected in 12 geographical localities across two provinces in seven districts participated in the study. The sample consisted of 59% females and 41% males and maintained a balance between adults and youth. In addition, the study utilized 10 humanitarian agencies by interviewing two of their professionals who intervened in trauma cases. The study employed the causal comparative design to explore relationships between variables and utilized a questionnaire, interview schedule and an observation form as primary tools in eliciting data. In addition, time response was found to be significant in improving the effectiveness of an intervention. Lastly, the study found that to a greater extent, humanitarian agencies acted responsibly and quickly

In this project a high power capacity rating pedal operated electric rickshaw has been designed and developed. The design is being carried out using the mostly standard component available in the market has been used for ease of maintenance. The uniqueness of this development is that it is pedal operated and motor driven which can help the rickshaw pullers to apply less manual effort while carrying passengers on gradient. The passenger’s seat is designed such that four passengers can sit comfortably. The necessary calculations were carried out for required motor power and battery capacity. Accordingly the BLDC motor of 550 watt and rechargeable lead acid battery of 48V, 65 AH were selected for present purpose. The motion from pedal to rear axle has been transmitted through an intermediate axle. The strength analysis of chassis structure and stability of the vehicle has been checked through CAE software. The chassis and the body structures are assembled together using fasteners with a rubber pad to absorb the shocks. The batteries, controller and other electrical accessories are placed under the passenger seat and a charging point is mounted at the back. The speed of motor is being regulated by a throttle provided on the handle bar. The batteries may be charged from solar charging station or from by battery swapping method. The pay load capacity is 350 kgs (4 passengers + 1puller) and the max speed is 15-20 Km/hour. The 3 nos of prototypes have been developed with improved features. The laboratory level trails has also been carried out of the developed prototypes and a very satisfactorily results is obtained up-to a distance of 40 kms in a single charge. 

The use of document summarization allows a user to get a sense of the content of full document, or to know its information content without reading all sentences within the document. Data reduction helps user to find the required information quickly without having to waste time in reading the whole document. This paper presents a method to generate a summary from the original document. And the method includes several characteristics such as sentence-id, position of each term in a sentence, term frequency, sentence similarity measure and weight of each and every sentence. To solve the optimization problem differential evolution (DE) algorithm is used, which can choose the optimal summary. DE algorithm is based on a fitness function and selection of fitness function is crucial for the good performance of DE algorithm.

The aim of the paper was to analyse the relation between financial leverage on firm’s profitability from the perspective of Nigerian deposit money banks. We employed a random effects regression model with return on asset as dependent variable and three factors (leverage, liquidity and size) as explainable variables. The panel data series was collated from the annual reports and statement of accounts of 14 selected deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period covering 2000-2014. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and panel regression analysis. A panel random effect and panel fixed effect estimations will be processed while the Hausman test will be employed in selecting the most appropriate model. Panel unit root test will also be conducted since our series has a feature of time-series. We have found that financial leverage has a negative impact on profitability. The results of the estimation model show that size and liquidity have positive impact on profitability. As expected, the relationship between liquidity and leverage appears to be negative. Our regression results revealed that firm size is negatively related to leverage. As the selection of independent variables was influenced by availability of data, we consider that our analysis could be expanded by incorporating other determinants factors such as industry-level and country-level variables, so long as the data series are available.

Two field experiments were carried out at Arab El-Awammer Research Station, Agric. Res. Center Assiut Governorate during winter seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The present study assessed the effect of crop sequence and nitrogen fertilization on productivity of wheat. The experimental treatments were four crop sequences with three nitrogen fertilizer rates. Treatments were arranged in a factorial experiment 3×4 based on a RCBD with four replications. These results suggest that the sequence of cowpea / clover / wheat and the sequence of cowpea + maize / clover / wheat produced the maximum yield and its components of wheat as compared with the other sequences. Naturally Occurring Biological Control Agents (NOBCA) the maximum number of agents was existed in the sequences of cowpea / clover / wheat and cowpea + maize / clover / wheat. The lowest number was existed in the sequence of maize / wheat. The present research proved that the two promising sequences contributed so much in increasing the cropping area. Therefore, the cropping index was increased to be 2.87 or 3.39 in the year for the two sequences of cowpea / clover / wheat and cowpea + maize / clover / wheat, respectively. These values are considered to be more than the traditional index in Egypt which is 1.73. The net return from the sequence of cowpea + maize / clover / wheat was the highest when compared with the other sequences. Thus increasing the cropping area which increased the cropping index caused an increase in the net return.