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There has been an increasing interest in unionization and decrease in union membership both for blue and white collar workers during the recent years in all over the world. For quite some time, public employment remains the largest group of union membership. However, this seems to be changing due to recent developments in professional workers’ demand for unionization mostly via professional associations, although ”not surprisingly, professionals and managerial personnel have been less likely to approve of labor unions and exhibit less confidence in organized labor and labor leaders than blue-collar workers (Brint, 1985)”. This paper attempts to shed light on what we know and don’t know about new trends in unionization and unionization among professionals. Paper mainly includes 4 sections. It starts with the introduction and in that part unionization is broadly defined. In the first section, unions’ historical development will also be investigated. More importantly, paper will try to answer what it means to be a career person and professional employee in the 21st century business world. These trends will be analyzed in three regions which are Europe, Asia and U.S.A. In section 2, theoretical roots in other words literature review on the subject will be presented. Causes of general decline will be explained and unionization among professionals such as teachers, professors, engineers, librarians, accountants and lawyers et cetera will be discussed in detail. In section 3, after explaining the historical development, unionization among professionals in Turkey will be brought up for discussion and comparison with these 3 regions. Section 4 will include unionization industry foresight for 2025, further research, discussion and conclusion. Besides giving insight about unionization in Turkey for comparison purposes between different regions of the world, the purpose of this paper is to provide information for the potential researchers about basic aspects of new trends in unionization and professionals’ attitudes and behaviors toward unions.

In this paper, we made an attempt to study the algebraic nature of fuzzy subfield of a field with respect to T-norm.

This article studies the problems and obstacles impeding the development of tourism industry in Iran focusing on marketing and promotion. For this purpose, it initially deals with the literature of tourism and marketing and then the importance of the research is expressed. After the data was collected and analyzed, the following items were identified as main obstacles to the development of tourism industry in Iran: lack of promotion in Iran’s attractions in target markets; inefficiency of national and international transportation facilities and systems; low quality of services such as hospitality and entertainment facilities; International negative publicity against Iran and insufficient training of people who are involved in the country’s tourism industry. The results from the research indicated that lack of promotions in the target markets (outside Iran) has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to Iran and negative untrue publicity against Iran launched by some international communities has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to the country. It was also confirmed that lack of suitable accommodations and recreation/entertainment facilities has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to Iran and the low quality of transportation in the country has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to Iran.

Bimalleolar fractures are common injuries that have a favorable outcome if treated properly. Weber type C fractures require osteosynthesis of the malleoli and stabilization of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment of these injuries using a less expensive technique involving pins and steel wire for pinning. Over a period of two years, 15 patients were treated for bimalleolar fractures with syndesmosis involvement. The average age was 34.2 years. The surgical technique was performed with an open approach, involving pinning of the lateral malleolus, syndesmosis, and medial malleolus cerclage. The functional assessment at six months showed an excellent outcome with an average Karlson and Peterson score of 90.13 (range: 85 to 97). The use of simple and less expensive techniques improves the prognosis of bimalleolar fractures in developing countries.

Packaging and labeling practices are among challenges facing consumer of pharmaceutical products today. Some manufacturers, however, do not indicate all the required information on the products. This study used survey method to characterize the pharmaceutical products in the market, and it was conducted using a systematic procedure known as a checklist. Parameters like dates of manufactures, expiring dates, and general instructions were spread using excel from the checklist. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Conclusively, 22% of the pharmaceutical products showed only expiring dates, 14% of the pharmaceutical products showed manufacturing dates only and 64% of the products showed both skills, production and expiring dates. It was recommended that customers should clearly check for important information and proper packaging before buying the pharmaceutical products, also authorities should not only control products in the market but also in industries, checking for the Good Manufacture Practice.

The present study aims to determine the relationships between perceived paternal parenting styles and locus of control. In addition, the moderating role of family income was also tested. Sample consisted of 382 school-going adolescents with an average age of 14.27 years. A multi-stage cluster sampling was used for collecting the data. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared for the participants at their selected schools. Fathers’ parenting style was measured using the inventory of Parental Authority Questionnaire, as well as a scale that assessed the respondents’ locus of control. Results demonstrated that paternal authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly related to internal locus of control. However, no significant moderating effect was found for family income. The present study emphasizes the need for continued focus on the link between child rearing strategies and child developmental outcomes.

Teacher development has become a key concept in the field of education. Both pre-service and in-service teacher training are extremely crucial in the entire process of the development of a teacher as a professional. In-service training received due attention from the experts and educators in order to strengthen the base of pre-service training or lay a new foundation for those who have no formal training, and to follow up training needs as continuous teacher development. Education has been changing globally in order to meet the urgent demand of the society, economics, and science-technology. There has been a focus all over the world to develop the teachers of the institutions to meet the needs of the students, and institutional effectiveness leading to the national development. King Abdulaziz university (KAU) is one of those pioneering institutions in Saudi Arabia that has been taking the initiatives to equip its staff to raise them to the international standards (if required). Jeddah community college (JCC), being the part of KAU also realised the need of teacher development activities. Many training, pedagogic, and developmental activities took place in the past especially from 2007 till date. The present paper aims at exploring those training activities that were carried out at JCC in order to equip and update the skills of the target teachers. In this connection, many seminars, workshops, training sessions were organised by the JCC, and the teachers attended those programmes within the college, university, and even went abroad for a 2 week-intensive trainer’s training organised at Greenwich Community College, London, UK. The training course was sponsored by the university. It was expected that after such teacher development activities, the teacher preparedness will be enhanced, and the outcomes will be more beneficial for the students. As a matter of results, the present teaching at JCC is modern, novel, innovative, e-learning/online learning based and computer assisted which itself is one of the motivating factors, interesting for the learners, and needed for the ultimate human resource development.

Solar energy is an economical alternative for today’s energy demand in comparison with other energies. Solar air heater is used for heating the air which in turn is used for drying the agricultural products. The objective of this paper is to design, develop and perform a detailed experiment and analyze the solar assisted drying system (SADS) for drying tealeaves. Green tealeaves plucked directly from the plantations are soaked in warm water for few minutes. Water is drained out; wet leaves are dried using the SADS consists of drying chamber maintained at a temperature of 55°C and pressure of 3Kg/cm2 through solar collectors. The initial weight of the green tea leaves is of 100 gms, which is reduced to 38gms in an hour.

In many modern computer applications such as Market Analysis, Critical Care, Speech Recognition, Physical Plant Monitoring, Sleep Stage Classification, Biological Population Tracking, data is captured over the course of time, constituting a Time-Series. Time-Series data often contain temporal information dependencies that cause two otherwise identical points of time to belong to different classes or predict different behavior. This inherent characteristic increases the difficulty of processing such data. Deep Machine Learning (DML) techniques possess the inherent ability for analyzing and making predictions about such data. By its nature, DML requires extensive provision of resources key amongst which is the model computation time. Several optimization algorithms have been invented in the recent past and compare differently in terms of their resource needs. The most popular class of optimization algorithms is based on the classical stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm due to its ability to converge within reasonable time bounds. This paper is part of a larger project investigating optimization procedures for deep learning tasks based on the SGD. Specifically, we report on the comparative performance capabilities of the most popular SGD based algorithms for task of Time Series prediction namely. From our analysis of the six of these algorithms, we noted that ADAMAX is most appropriate for online learning while RMSPROP is the least affected by over-fitting for long training cycles.

The present paper deals with the performance modeling and simulation of the paper making system of a paper plant. The paper plant is a complex and repairable engineering unit which comprises of various systems including feeding, chipping, digesting, washing, bleaching, screening and paper making etc. One of the most important functionaries of a paper plant is paper making system which is having four main subsystems. Considering the exponential distribution for the probable failures and repairs, the performance model has been developed with the help of mathematical formulation based on Markov birth-death process. Using probabilistic approach, the differential equations have been developed. Then these equations are further solved by using normalizing conditions so as to determine the steady state availability i.e. measure of performance of paper making system of a paper plant. The performance of each subsystem of the paper making system of a paper plant also has been analyzed for selecting the best possible maintenance strategies in a paper plant. So, the findings of this paper will be highly useful to the plant management for timely execution of best possible maintenance strategies and hence to enhance the system performance.