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Foreign direct investment (FDI) considered vital for economic development of capital scarce countries, as it provides not only financial assistance but also capital, technology, new jobs, management skill and expertise. Contemporary, FDI is considered a most important source of private external inflows of capital for less developed countries almost in all over the world. Total FDI inflows into Pakistan recorded US$ 3205.4 million during 2008-09 as compared to US$ 3719.1 million in the last year which shows a decline of 13.8%. Likewise Pakistan’s total public debt estimated US$ 39593 million during 2007-08 and such as during 2006-07 per capita debt in Pakistan was US$ 247 million. For empirical analysis secondary data have been used ranging from 1981 to 2007. For estimating the impact of public debt on FDI, simple log linear regression model and the method of Least Squares has been used. The empirical results found statistically significant and indicates that public debt discourages FDI inflows into Pakistan. Thus, it has been concluded, that public debt be managed, through active and proper debt management policy, in order to utilize the maximum benefits of FDI in Pakistan.

The present study is aimed to investigate the detailed financial assistance sanctioned by a specialized financial institution which worked as a nodal agency of the Government of India to cater the financial needs of tourism industry i.e. Tourism Finance Corporation of India Limited (TFCI). This analysis is achieved by an in-depth study of various financial reports of the corporation and ‘Report on Development Banking in India’ published by IDBI time to time. The time period taken for the study is last fifteen years. The study is carried out to satisfy the objectives like (i) To analyse the detailed (purpose-wise, scheme-wise, sector-wise, state-wise and industry-wise) promotional assistance provided by TFCI to tourism and tourism related projects during the last fifteen years, (ii) To comment on Investment catalysts and employment opportunities provided by TFCI, and (iii) To examine the Factors which are responsible for operational and developmental activities of TFCI. The results of the study will be helpful for the TFCI in exploring the areas in which they are lagging behind the market and in which they should invest more in terms of financial assistance.

For organizations to remain in operational, they have to be in a state of change, this is done with the view to balance with the environment. Research has shown that managers who fail to adopt changes will ultimately be forced to shut down their operations. The purpose of the study was to determine influence of adaptive organization structure practices on performance of commercial based state parastatals in kenya. The study adopted a cross section survey research design and the target population were the fifty five (55) commercial based state parastatals. A sample of forty eight (48) commercial based state parastatals was used for the study. These were identified through stratified random sampling. The respondents of this study constituted CEO’s, Finance Managers and HR Managers and finance managers of each of the sampled commercial based state parastatals. Collection of data was conducted with the aid of questionnaires and interviews. Collection of Secondary data was done from financial and audited statements. Questionnaires were hand delivered to the respondents in the respective institutions by the help of research assistants. The research assistants self-administered the questionnaires to the respondents of the sampled commercial based state parastatals under the supervision of the researcher. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 and Microsoft Excel. Regression models were fitted and hypothesis testing was carried using standard F and t tests. The study found that adaptive organization structure practices was found to positively and significantly influence performance of commercial based parastatals in Kenya. Board composition was found not to have a significant moderating influence on the relationship between strategic change practices and performance

There is a growing concern that the global climate is warming to dangerous levels with serious implications on biodiversity components and development. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment identified climate change as a major driver of biodiversity loss and indicated that it will adversely affect key development sectors; including the provision of clean water, energy services and food. An analysis of the relationship between climate change and biodiversity conservation suggest that the causes and impacts of biodiversity loss are gender-based. Consequently, the international community is paying more attention to women and their role in managing and preserving biodiversity. Understanding the gender relations in biodiversity practices forms part of the solution to climate change. This article reviews some of the links between women and the environment, with an explicit focus on the gender dimensions of biodiversity conservation and climate management. The paper looks at the link between women and the environment and aims to develop gender sensitive strategies with regard to climate change adaptation interventions in developing countries. It will inspire the environmental community to better understand the importance of gender and the decisive roles women play in managing and preserving biodiversity. This will inculcate the need to integrate a gender perspective in climate change management in line with the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular, Goals 5, 10 and 13, which call for promotion of gender equality, reduced inequalities and climate action, respectively.

Silkworm silk is among the most widely used natural fibers for textile and biomedical applications due to its extraordinary mechanical properties and superior biocompatibility. There is a growing interest to introduce more new functionalities into silk while maintaining its advantageous intrinsic properties. Various methods with their merits are assessed to produce functional silk, specifically those with colour and luminescence. There is a highlight on intrinsically coloured and luminescent silk produced directly from silkworms for a wide range of applications and a discussion on the suitable molecular properties for being incorporated effectively into silk while it is being produced in the silk gland. This paper elicits an in vivo uptake of neutral red, a weak cationic azine dye by Bombyx mori, which results the production of vibrantly coloured cocoons. It is a green process without any chemical pollution, which offers the development of an insect system to produce coloured silk. It has significant potential applications in sericulture research. The colour change observed in haemolymph and silk gland is evident for the efficacy of the selected dye to incorporate into the silkworm body. The results of larval and cocoon traits shows that there is no significant difference between the control and dye added diet fed groups. The findings suggest that neutral red is a promising candidate dye for the production of environmental friendly colour silk production, which eliminates the generation of dye waste.

In this paper we explain, the need of Organizations facing the real problem on physical, mechanism to protect their IT systems such as Laptops or notebooks and palmtaps. All IT systems ,have become difficult to protect because they can easily be stolen. Not only in companies but also in universities and colleges, social places it became a major problem for students, staff and people. Even though the laptops are password protected, that type of security is not providing any kind of use in finding the laptops once they are stolen. This is a method which gives better way in finding the laptops and also catching the thieves. In this paper, we are designing an anti-theft security system to track the location of the laptop. By using the GSM/GPS module connected to laptop the current location of the laptop is read and it is sent through message to the owner. By which it is possible to get back our laptops. As result we can reduce the laptop thefts.

Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) represent less than 3% of all testis tumors; they concern the interstitial tissue of the testis and occur at any age. They are part of the group of tumors called "sex cords and stroma" with Sertoli cell tumors. Only 7 to 10% of these tumors are malignant and are almost always seen in adults. We report a case found in a 40-year-old adult with a left testis tumor treated with orchiectomy.The diagnosis of malignancy may be difficult to establish and may be beyond histopathological examination, hence the importance of regular long-term follow-up.

Characterization and Type creation of male protagonists in Persian old stories is based upon traditions which are derived from ancient Iranian kingdom and religions. A survey based on six cases proves that there are three types ?of male characters in the ancient Iranian stories. The First type, is the mythical hero of the Sam dynasty in Sh?hn?meh which is an Indo-Iranian myth by origin. The second type is related to the characters who possess the Divine virtue or “Farr”,that belongs to ancient Iranian kings and the third type is the amorous wine loving “troubadour”.

The proof will demonstrate the non-existence of a 3x3 magic square of squares. I remember reading a Scientific America article and at the bottom of the article was the link to an article which described this problem. To me it seemed bizarre that a problem that had such a clear start point and was based on a concept so simple to understand could have no proof. I decided then that I would prove that such a square could never exist. I was inspired that the problem had been unresolved such it was first asked in 1984 and that it could be dated back to great mathematicians such as Leonhard Euler. Like many people interested in maths I am in awe of much of the the work that Leonhard Euler did so to be able to solve a problem whose roots can be traced back to him was exciting. People have been working with magic squares for centuries and yet nobody has presented a proof showing why a 3x3 magic square comprised entirely of square numbers cannot exist. I decided that night that I would provide such a proof. I was unaware how complex the problem was and how complex the tools I would need to solve the problem were but it was the start of the most wonderful journey that I wish I could relive. For hundreds of years people have been constructing magic squares. The definition of a magic square which I will refer to extensively throughout this proof states the following. The sum of all the elements in the rows, columns and diagonals must be equal. Each element must be unique in any square and must be a natural number. Therefore when I say something has been proven false through the defintion of a magic square this is the definition I am referrring to. Well reading an article in Scientific America I came across something that rather astounded me. The article claimed that no one had found an example of a 3x3 magic square that contains only magic square numbers. Furthermore no onw has proven that such a square cannot exist. This type of problem can be traced back all the way to Leonhard Euler who is the first person known to construct a 4x4 magic square of squares. I have always been fascinated in mathematical mysteries as the world is written in the mathematics to understand mathematics is to understand the world. Therefore by proving something in maths I am making the world a little more interesting. In the proof that follows I will show why a 3x3 magic square of squares can never exist. I will do this in 10 parts. The first part will be a general proof as to why the lowest element must be the middle or the corner for any magic square of squares to exist. I will then show that the lowest element can never occupy the middle or the corner of any square without violating the definition of what a magic square is.

The investigation was focused on the isolation of metal tolerant and antibiotic sensitive bacteria (A. ferrooxidans from bauxite and P. aeruginosa from magnesite mine) from the waste dump of mine by using selective medium. These two organisms showed maximum metal resistant potentiality for the selected heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu and Hg) in the range of 20 to 100 mg/ml^-1. The tolerance among the isolated bacteria on heavy metals were observed in order of Mn > Zn > Fe > Cr >Cu>. These organisms did not show effective tolerant to Hg. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu and Hg) for the test bacteria were in the ranges of 50 to 200mg/ml^-1. The antibiotic susceptibility of these two metal tolerant bacteria were analyzed by standard antibiotics, the results showed that most (8 antibiotics) of the antibiotics are sensitive except amphicillin and co-trimoxahole. The overall results indicate that the isolated metal tolerant bacteria would be very useful for the reclamation of mine soil without any hazardous effects.