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We are very happy to announce that from 13th December 2018, Prof. Dr. Ashraf Mohamed Ahmed Heniegal has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Civil Engineering. Prof. Dr. Ashraf Mohamed Ahmed Heniegal is working as Professor (Structural Engineering),Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Suez, Egypt. The appointment of Prof. Dr. Ashraf Mohamed Ahmed Heniegal as member, Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 20th January 2011, Prof. Fakhru'l-Razi Ahamad has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Chemical and Environmental Engineering. Prof. Fakhru'l-Razi Ahamad is currently working at Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. The appointment of Prof. Fakhru'l-Razi Ahamad as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

The study investigated the profitability of catfish enterprises in Ede South Local government area of Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 59 small scale catfish farmers were purposively sampled in this study. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the socio-economic characteristics, while budgetary analysis was used to determine the profitability, and multiple regression analysis was the inferential statistic used. The result of the survey revealed that 54.24 percent of the fish farmers were male. About 81.3 percent of the fish farmers were married. 59.81% of the farmers fall between the ages of 31-40years. About 62.71 percent of the farmers had tertiary educational qualifications.Most of the fish farmer (39.1%) produced between 5,400 -10,500kg. The mean production of fish farmer was 5,750.85kg.The total variable cost was ?24,623,997. The revenue was ?252,000,000 per annum. The gross margin was ?227,376,003 per annum and the net farm income was ?189,589,795 per annum. The analysis of the benefit cost ratio (BCR) and the rate of returns revealed that catfish enterprise is profitable in the study area. The factors that significantly affect fish output in the study area include: quantity of feed, quantity of labour, quantity of fingerlings, total pond size.

Collaborative filtering is one of the most widely used techniques in the recommender systems. determining the similarity between users is the base of collaborative filtering based recommender systems. obviously, choosing a proper similarity function improves the accuracy of recommendation in recommender systems. In this paper we provided a new similarity measure using features and have compared results with improved similarity measure and pearson traditional similarity measure. the comparison results show that our proposed method not only increases the accuracy of recommender, but also increases the prediction quality. .

In most developing tropical countries the food situation is worsening, predictions of future food needs based on the current rates of population increase and food production emphasize the need to explore the vast number of less familiar plant resources existing in the wild which could be good sources of nutrients. Proximate analysis and mineral composition of five wild seeds (Borassus aethiopum, Bombacopsis glabra, Entada africana, Entadas gigas and Myrianthus arboreus ) were carried out. Proximate analysis showed moisture content ranged between 1.50% to 3.00%, ash 2.00% to 4.69%, fat was between 2.06% to 34.46%, fibre between 0.99% to 4.92%, Protein between 4.40% to 44.86% and carbohydrate between 34.78% to 80.93 %. Mineral analysis revealed that the seeds contained minerals such as Ni, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe, in abundance that ranges between 4.30 mg/100g Cr in E africana to 98.50a ?0.50 mg/100g Ni in B. aethiopum.

This study explored the impact of resiliency and protective factors in academic achievement among primary school pupils from refugee camps in Dadaab, Kenya. The data was collected from 188 pupils (132 males and 56 females) and 22 teachers selected from standard five to eight classes in 22 refugee primary schools. Both school and participants were selected randomly.A questionnaire was used to measure resiliency and the mean mark (MM) of the first term to measure the academic performance of the participants. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. T-test was used to compare male and female participants in resiliency and academic achievement. The ANOVA was used to compare the relationship between resiliency and academic achievement. The results of the study showed that there was significant differences between male and female pupils resiliency and academic achievement. Similarly, there was significant differences between pupils’ resiliency and educational class levels. Further results revealed that most pupils in refugee schools achieved poorly in academics, while most girls dropped out of school due to cultural barriers. Majority of the pupils were ignorant of protective factors to safeguard perceived risks such as family and society related risks. From the findings, it was recommended that different authorities from UNHCR and related humanitarian assistance organizations or counseling services at the schools ought to improve pupils’ psychological resiliency and provide support to help overcome risks and focus on academics with high level of self-efficacy to achieve.

Common field practice for electrical surveying relies on directly placing an electrical current into the ground (direct current electrical resistivity surveying) and measuring the response (the electrical potential drop) to that current over a set distance. Resistivity analysis was conducted at a site earmarked for a radioactive waste disposal facility known as the Borehole Disposal Concept (BDC) at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission’s site located at Kwabenya, in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Both resistivity profiling also known as electric trenching and vertical electrical sounding also known as electric drilling were employed in this study. The results from both techniques were processed and discussed. Medium to very low apparent resistivity were measured at certain stations/points on the survey lines which suggest the presence of geological structures/contacts such as faults and fractures at or around these stations. With the aid of the electrical sounding data the site was characterized as a four layer formation with the bedrock lying at depth of 17 m and beyond.

The fishing sector contributes to development and growth in many countries, playing an important role for food security and nutrition, poverty reduction, employment, economic development and trade, fisheries and aquaculture provided livelihoods and income for an estimated 54.8 million people engaged in the primary sector of fish production in 2011. The marine fisheries of Somalia have generally held an important position in the Somali economy and culture. Somalia has a large coastline, covering 3,300 kilometers and a corresponding Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covering 39, 000 kilometers. In 1990, prior to the collapse of the Somali government, fisheries contributed 2 percent of the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP), an estimated $15 million USD per annum, while providing over 18,000 tons of fish for human consumption. The research explores the role of fishers and aquaculture for sustainable development, economic growth and global food security. To determine employment in the fishing industry leads to economic development and the role of fishing in poverty alleviation in Somalia. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of Somalis economy, the principal exports Somalia's Livestock are fish, charcoal, and bananas. Fisheries play an important role in the economy of Somalia in expanding food supply, raising nutritional level, generating employment, and in earning foreign exchange, in order to increase production of fisher industries. It is of this shortage of empirical evidence on the role of fishing in poverty alleviation that the study intends to reveal the role of fishing in economic development of Somalia as this will guide policy formulation on fishing.

Aims & Objective: Objective of this study was to investigate the lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidants status in women with preeclampsia and compare with that of women with normal pregnancy and postpartum preeclamptic women. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 100 cases out of which 25 were normal healthy non pregnant controls, 25 were normal healthy pregnant women in third trimester, 25 were in third trimester with preeclampsia and 25 were postpartum preeclamptic women. Whole blood was used to detect Malondialdehyde (MDA) a product of lipid peroxide, Enzymatic antioxidants like Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase and Catalase. Results: There was 0significant increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA) in all the groups as compared to nonpregnant controls (P< 0.001). Elevated levels of malondialdehyde in pre-eclamptic subjects declined significantly (p<0.001) after delivery. A significant decrease (P<0.001) in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants viz. Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase and Catalase was observed in all the groups as compared to nonpregnant controls. In the postpartum preeclamptic group Glutathione reductase and Catalase levels were increased whereas the increase in the levels of Glutathione peroxidase and Glutathione reductase was not significant. Conclusion: Our study shows clear insight into disturbances associated with preeclampsia with enhanced lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidants which are help full in understanding the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Black rot of cocoa pods, a disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl., causes significant production losses all over the world. To reduce the impact of this pest, genetic control using resistant varieties is favored.To do this, inoculations having shown the interest of the INERA Yangambi collection, consisting in the evaluation of the resistance of 14 “CRY” clones, vis-à-vis inoculations of a strain of L. theobromae were operated. This study, carried out in Yangambi in the DRC, using inoculation on detached pods with series of tests and a statistical test adapted to the ordinal nature of the data confirms that two clones representing 14.28% of the subjects tested do indeed constitute resistant materials. L. theobromae. In addition, 5 clones or 35.71% are considered moderately resistant. However, the other remaining materials could be integrated into many cocoa genetic improvement programs, especially those with other notable qualities. The Yangambi collection with 62 accessions,