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Chemical analysis of the leaf of Bryophyllym pinnanun was carried out. The moisture content and the ash content were found to be 83.91% ± 0.21 and 13.30% ± 0.41. The leave of the plant was found to contain Na, Ca, K, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cu, Cr and Zn. The level of these mineral in mg/ l00g sample were found to be 0.13% ±0.3, 599.97%, ± 24.54; 5.51% ± 0.08; 4.71% ±0.27; 247.11% ± 33.11; 6.62% ± 1.72; 82.96% ± 6.96: 60.%% ± 8.01 and 0.10% ± 0.01 respectively. The elemental analysis using sodium fusion test shows that the leave contain nitrogen, chlorine, and bromine. The present of these mineral elements in the plant could be part of the contributing factors which suggest the use of the plant for various therapeutic applications.

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a destructive pathogen in banana cultivating areas worldwide. As the virus is located in the phloem tissue and its purification is difficult and gives low yield. Therefore, in the present study BBTV coat protein was bacterially cloned and expressed using recombinant DNA approach. The BBTV infected banana leaf samples were collected around Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka. Further, the total nucleic acid was extracted using dellaporta method. A 531bp PCR product containing coat protein coding region of BBTV was amplified using BBTVCPF and BBTVCPR primers and the amplified product was cloned into the pTZ57R/T and further sub-cloned in to the pQE30. After transformation in to JM 109 and M15 cells the clones were confirmed through PCR and sequencing. Amplification with expected size of 531bp and 100% homology with other isolates showed integrity of the clone. Further, the coat protein appeared to be expressed at 3hr after induction with 1mM IPTG. The expressed protein was analyzed through sodium-dodecyl sulphate-Poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A band of 21kDa on the gel confirmed that coat protein was really fused to the His-tag. Further, 10mg/liter of the coat protein were purified using His-tag purification kit (Genei).

Cognition is the mental processing that includes the attention of working memory, language comprehension, reasoning, etc. Reading is a basic and essential skill and has its own set of cognitive advantages which includes; the ability to empathize, reduction in stress levels, better analytical skills, etc. In the novel To Kill a Mocking Bird, Atticus Finch is a character who indulges in the seraphic pleasure of reading. The paper aims at bringing out how reading visibly impacts his character, as he stands juxtaposed in myriads of arenas, to the people of his race. Scientists have conducted a detailed research and have declared that reading has the following advantages.

An attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of surface roughness and deformation on the performance of a magnetic fluid based squeeze film in rough porous circular plates considering porous matrix of variable thickness. The stochastic model of Christensen and Tonder has been adopted to characterize the roughness of the bearing system. With appropriate boundary conditions, the associated Reynolds’ type equation has been solved by invoking the dilog function, to derive the expression for pressure distribution resulting in the calculation of load carrying capacity. It is observed that the adverse effect of transverseroughness gets aggravated due to the bearing deformation. But the situation remains fairly improved in the case of negatively skewed roughness for a large range of bearing deformation with a suitable strength of the magnetic field. Further, it is appealing to note that this positive effect gets augmented with a proper selection of thickness ratio parameter associated withvariable film thickness.

India has come a long way from being called the ‘land of snake-charmers’ to one of the fastest developing countries of the SAARC region. Having seen the rise and fall of many a kingdoms and being ruled by many, India has soaked up the essence of almost every dynasty resulting in a rich cultural milieu which manages to enthrall everybody. Post independence, India witnessed the drafting of the Constitution which pronounced India as a ‘Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic’ and as a newly emerged welfare state. Since then and after 66 years of Independence, India has been growing steadily though not without challenges. To contextualize this article, we can argue that the health care system of India has been facing many challenges in terms of the perspective of being user friendly and distributed equitably, to favor all the sections of the society equally. Widespread loopholes have been noticed in the delivery of the health care system in India. Availing quality health care has now become the prerogative of only the well to do section of the society, leaving the marginalized section of the society at the mercy of governmental setups which are drowned in their own incompetence and corruption therefore failing to provide quality health care to the society. This paper proposes to take a look at these existent inequalities in the delivery of the health care system. In this effort data has been collected from 6 districts of Karnataka, 3 of which are rural districts and 3 of which are urban. Rural and urban districts are operationally understood as 3 districts each having lowest HDI and 3 districts having the highest recorded human develop index (HDI) of Karnataka respectively. High human development Index (HDI) is being represented by Bangalore, Udupi and Mangalore consisting of 1136 people interviewed in total, whereas low level of HDI is represented by Raichur, Chamarajnagara and Gulbarga, with a total of 1327 respondents.

The thermal performance of tractor radiator is improved with Cu/water when compared with CuO/water nanofluids as workings fluid. The nanomaterial plays a vital role for past two decades in the research areas like thermal management and material science. Miniaturization and increased operating speeds of heat exchangers warranted the need for new and innovative cooling concepts for better performance. The nano materials and its suspension in fluids as particles have been the subject of intensive study worldwide recently since pioneering researchers recently discovered the anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. For heavy vehicles the engine cooling is an important factor for their performance in the intended application. Here the tractor engine radiator cooling is enhanced by nanofluid mechanism of heat transfer for its improved performance in agricultural work. If the tractor engine cooling is enhanced then using this farm equipment more agricultural field can be ploughed which can be utilized for cultivation within a short period of time. Heat transfer in automobile is achieved through radiators. In this research work an experimental and numerical investigation for the improved heat transfer characteristics of a radiator using Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluid for 0.025, 0.05 and 0.075% volume fraction is done with inlet temp of 50 - 60°C under the turbulent flow regime (8000 ? Re ? 25000). The overall heat transfer coefficient decreases with increase in nanofluid inlet temperature of 50 - 60°C. The experimental results of the heat transfer using the Cu metal particles of nanofluid is compared with Oxide and the numerical values which shows an increase in heat transfer coefficient. The results in this work suggest that the best heat transfer enhancement can be obtained compared with the base fluid and oxide form by using a system with Cu/water nanofluid-cooled radiators. The nanofluids showed better heat transfer characteristics as a new alternative coolant for the radiator.

No story is ever told as if it is the only one; the subtext changes as time passes by. It can have a number of meanings, explanations, understandings, and interpretations according to its context and readers. Consequently, appreciation of any literary work may have its own evolution in course of time. The possible plurality of meaning leads into the maze of meaninglessness of meanings. This indeterminacy of meaning requires deconstruction of the text and its structure and reconstruction of it to find an appropriate meaning. The works of very many authors apparently seem to be in the same meaningless level. It is the researcher’s task to find meaning to this meaninglessness of meanings. The works of Bertolt Brecht, the German playwright are not an exception to this task. His complex artistic works require deep study and careful analysis to arrive at new understanding. In short, they require complex seeing. Brecht’s plays grapple with some of the intense situations of life as lived in different societies. Some of his leading concerns are issues derived from religion, war, capitalism, motherhood and rebellion. This article investigates the theme of religion in the selected plays with the tool which Brecht himself has expected from his audience - complex seeing.

Recently, the issue of machine condition monitoring became global due to the potential advantages to be obtained from decreased maintenance costs, improved productivity and increased machine availability. Vibration technique in a machine condition monitoring provides useful reliable information, bringing significant cost benefits to industry. By comparing the signals of a machine running in normal and faulty conditions, detection of fault like journal-bearing defect is possible. This paper deal a new method of engine journal-bearing fault diagnosis based on Power Spectral Density (PSD) of vibration signals in combination with Support Vector Machine (SVM). The frequency domain vibration signals of an internal combustion engine (IC engine) with three main journal-bearing conditions were gained, corresponding to, (i) normal, (ii) corrosion and (iii) excessive wear. The features of PSD values of vibration signals were extracted using statistical and vibration parameters. The extracted features were used as inputs to the SVM for three-class identification. The roles of PSD technique and SVM classifier were investigated. Results showed that the accuracy rate of fault diagnosis of the IC engine main journal-bearing was 100%. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has the potential for fault diagnosis of main journal-bearing of IC engine.

Fish farming can provide employment for women thus helping to alleviate poverty among women and improve the standard of living. Proceeds from fish sales can provide funds for women and contribute to the development of the society. Fish farmers are known to be confronted with difficulties when establishing commercial fish ponds. This research is intended to cover both Northern and Southern Nigeria. One hundred and thirty questionnaires were distributed randomly in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria to ascertain the constraints to fish farming among women in Nigeria. Ninety questionnaires were retrieved from females. Analysis of results indicated that female respondents were interested in fish farming but they lacked financial capacity to establish fish farms. Education was also identified as another constraint. About 56% of the respondents had basic education therefore were uniformed about fish culture in ponds. Fish farming was identified as a means of providing employment for the women folk and enhancing development among women.

This study seeks to investigate the conversion patterns among mualafs in Malaysia. Its focus is to find out the demographic information of mualafs and to identify the popular conversion patterns among mualafs in Malaysia. Three (3) conversion patterns i.e. intellectual, mystical and affectional are being investigated in this study. Data collection was done at PUSBA, Kedah whereby mualafs from all states were gathered. A total of 42 responses were collected from these mualafs using a census study method. This study found that majority of the respondents were Sabahan and came from other races such as Iban, Asli, Myanmar, Kadazan and Thai. More than half of the respondents were unemployed but most of the mualafs had an adequate academic level. Results showed that majority of the mualafs were influenced by someone who are close to them which is linked to the affectional conversion pattern. It is hoped that this study will provide insights to JAKIM in terms of conversion patterns among the mualafs in Malaysia.