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In this work, the experimental and theoretical study on vibrational spectra of 2,5-Dichloroaniline (25DCA) were studied. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of the vibrational bands are interpreted with the aid of structure optimizations and normal coordinate force field calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP method with 6-311+G** basis set combination. Complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound were carried out using the observed FT-IR and FT Raman data. Simulated FTIR and FT Raman spectra for 25DCA showed good agreement with the observed spectra. Mulliken analysis of atomic charges is also calculated. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within the molecule. The dipole moment (?) and First-order hyperpolarizability (?0) of the molecule have been reported. Electronic excitation energies, oscillator strength and nature of the respective excited states were calculated by the closed-shell singlet calculation method for the molecule.

This study was designed to examine the effects of different concentrations of endosulfan on accumulation of antioxidants and total phenolics, in an aquatic fern Azolla microphylla Methods: Azolla microphylla were collected from paddy fields, Department of Biological Sciences, SHIATS, Allahabad. Fronds were cleaned, washed and experiment was carried at an interval of 3 and 7days using 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 ppm concentrations of endosulfan. The total phenol content was estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu assay and its antioxidant activity was determined by free radical scavenging DPPH assay, Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) assay and Guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) assay. The highest total phenolic content (TPC), enzyme and antioxidant activity was observed at 200 ppm and 100 ppm after 3rd and 7th day of incubation respectively. After that there was there was gradual decrease in phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity showed increment at lower concentrations however a significant reduction in TPC and antioxidant activity was observed at higher concentrations suggesting a loss in antioxidant power of this potential eco-friendly fern.

The synthesis of non-electrolyte mixed-ligand complexes of the general formula [M(Hdmg)B], Ni(II), Hdmg=dimethylgloximato monoanion, B=2-aminophenol(2-aph), diethylamine (dea) or malonic acid (MOH) has been synthesized and characterized. However theoretical calculations were carried out to obtain the geometric and thermodynamic parameters, vibrational and electronic parameters, dipole moments and HOMO-LUMO band gaps of the complex with different substituents. These properties were obtained using the PM3 and DFT with B3LYP at 6-31G* level. Comparisons were made on the calculated bond length, bond angle, dihedrals and vibrational frequencies and it was observed that the calculated data are in good agreement with experimental data.

In a network multiple clients sends multiple messages from multiple computers to one computer at the same time, the problem of jamming occurs at the intermediate node, So that the opponents can easily target the messages of high importance. Opponents are able to retrieve the data from the messages. This problem is overcome by using the cryptographic primitives to prevent jamming attacks. In internal threat model, RSA algorithm provides security to message transmission over the network. The schemes to prevent jamming attacks such as Strong Hiding Commitment Schemes (SHCS), Cryptographic Puzzles Hiding Schemes (CPHS), and All-Or-Nothing Transformation Hiding Schemes (AONTSHS).

A child with ADHD, (Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder), can derive great benefits from playing checkers during therapy. The therapist can assess the child’s ability to stay seated, wait his turn, pay attention to detail, sustain that attention, as well as how the child reacts to victory or defeat, (getting what they want or not getting what they want). When starting therapy, to talk about what is bothering him or her. The child is in a strange place, meeting with a therapist who is a stranger. The combination of these two factors can be overwhelming and intimidating to a child. Play therapy can be the best method for building rapport with any child. Play therapy can train a child to take what he learns in counseling and use the acquired skills in other areas of life. A game as simple as checkers can accomplish this. The results obtained from a study done on the children of 4-12 years old with ADHD indicated that game therapy method based on concentration-kinesthetic practices which is a combination of puzzle, riddle, story-telling in the form of feeling expression, game lines table design and application of distance reinforcement in these games, along with medication therapy can be helpful to modify and control behavior afflicted with ADHD, and although medication therapy can have less effects on treatment process, it cannot by itself play successful roles in treatment, modification and control of such behavior in this group of children.

Physical quantity is a topic in the elective physics syllabus in taught in all categories of senior high schools two (SHS2) in Ghana and science students are to show an appreciable understanding of its measurement. However, serious doubt have been raised in the Physics Chief Examiner’s report of the West African Examination Council of Ghana of both physics-1 (theory) and physics-2 (practical) as to whether science students really understand measurement of physical quantities. In view of this, the researcher used a mixed designed method to gather data from SHS3 physics students’ on their understanding of measurement uncertainty of length and time. A population of 422 SHS3 physics students were sampled and a two item questionnaire on distance and time administered in order to find out whether the problem enumerated by the Chief Examiners’ of Physics concerning physics students exist and were either with the set paradigm or the point paradigm concept. Also five SHS3 physics were purposively selected and interviewed in order to validate students’ written responses. The study revealed that students do not have an understanding of measurement uncertainty by the set paradigm concept. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that physics teachers should make effort to make scientific measurement by the set paradigm concept relevant to all senior high school science students in Volta region of Ghana.

Paprika oleoresin, obtained from capsicum species is used as a natural colourant and flavour enhancer in food and pharmaceuticals and is shown to be effective free radical scavengers including potential antioxidative and anticancer properties. The current investigation aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of developed MPO (Microencapsulated Paprika Oleoresin) on EAC tumour model. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into 6 groups (n=12). Group I (normal) animals received normal saline solution orally, all the other groups (Group II to VI) were injected with EAC cells (0.2 ml of 2 x106 cells/mouse) intraperitoneally. MPO at different doses such as 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mg. kg-1.mouse-1.day-1 and standard drug 20mg of 5 Flurouracil kg-1.mouse-1.day-1 were administered orally through gavage for 14 days to group III, IV, V and VI respectively. Anti tumor effect of MPO was assessed by observing the changes with respect to body weight, packed cell volume, viable and non-viable tumor cell count, median survival time and percentage increase in life span (% ILS). Ingestion of 5 mg of MPO produced desirable changes in cancer induced mice and it was comparable with the EAC mice treated with 5FU 20 mg/kg body weight. In addition, MPO facilitated to reverse the changes by tumor growth proving its health benefits.

The purpose of this study is to identify the level, the type, and the factors of bullying amongst religious secondary school’s students. This study also attempts to identify bullying intervention programs at religious secondary school. 400 students in four states, Kelantan, Terengganu, Malacca and Johore have been chosen as the respondents. The instrument of this study is questionnaire form. Method used in this study is surveying method. The sampling has been done using the cluster on cluster random sampling method. The reliability of the instrument is 0.8234. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. (SPSS) for Windows. Descriptive statistic, mean and frequency is used to analyze the level of bullying. The inference statistic, t-test and Pearson correlation are used to test the hypothesis. Results showed that the level of bullying among religious secondary school’s students were in medium level. The results also showed that there were significant relation between the bullying behavior and gender there was no significant relation between the type of bullying and gender. Furthermore, there were no significant relation between intervention programs and bullying behavior. The most dominant bullying factor was family factor.

Wireless ATM is upcoming as solution in the era of telecommunication. As wireless ATM gaining popularity is essential to find the subsequent use of ATM network . One of the major issue is the optimized usage of bandwidth for ATM networks. In this paper an Enhanced Genetic Algorithm (EGA) algorithm approach based solution is proposed for optimization of bandwidth through dynamic routing in ATM network. In this paper non-traditional optimization technique for EGA has been approached. The results obtained thus prove that EGA can algorithm solves the purpose for obtaining optimized bandwidth and minimization cell delay. Due to it many attractive business applications like high speed LAN interconnection, teleconferencing would become feasible. A comparative study of the selection mechanisms in GA and listed the best selection mechanism. It is a new technique which improves the efficiency of the EGA.

In this paper, we report the effective atomic number and effective electron densities of some inorganic compounds at three scattering angles 600, 800 and 1000 on a goniometer assembly for Compton Effect in the gamma energy range 280keV to 1115keV. An ORTEC model 23210 gamma-x high purity germanium detector (HpGe) has been used to record the data along with a personal computer based MCA in the angular region 500-1100. It is observed that the effective atomic numbers can be obtained by simply adding the Z-values of the constituent elements as per the chemical formula of the compound in accordance with the literature [5]. The results so obtained with respect to the inorganic samples of interest that the effective atomic number and effective electron densities are first of their kind at these energy ranges and are expected to be important in a variety of applications of Radiation Physics and Chemistry.