Archives-J 

Fourier transform infrared and Fourier transform Raman spectra of 3, 5 dihydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylicacid were recorded in the regions 4000–450 cm?1 and 3500–100 cm?1, respectively in the solid phase. The vibrational frequencies were calculated by density functional B3LYP methods with ccPVDZ and 6-31+G(d) basis sets, using Gaussian 09W program package. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 3, 5 dihydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylicacid is reported. The thermodynamic functions of the title compound were also studied by the above methods and the basis set. The stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions and accompanying charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The HOMO and LUMO energy gap reflects the chemical activity of the molecule. The observed and calculated wave numbers are found to be in good agreement.

Maximum velocity of particles and specifying pattern for energy radiation and nature of frequency as a result of explosions is regarded as most important criterion for evaluating dangers as a result of trembling earth. Based on researches it is indicated that these parameters may indicate possible damage. Until now different relations are offered for calculating these parameters by researchers but none of them has application in all of the fields and each of them in accordance with regional conditions including geology, tectonic and rock mechanics may have application at that special region. In these studies by registering and processing seismographs related to seismic data as a result of 20 explosion at Jamishan reservoir dam located at Sangher the status of vulnerability of diversion tunnel and cutoff wall of dam and also adjacent village was studied and the results are analyzed based on received data and comparing with available standards and the best method of boring and level of explosive materials for preventing from possible damages are offered.

We are very happy to announce that from 28th July 2013, Dr. Amal Chandra Mondal has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Immunohistochemistry, Molecular Biology. Dr. Amal Chandra Mondal is currently working as Asst. Professor, Department of Economics, S.N.College, Labpur, Birbhum. The appointment of Dr. Amal Chandra Mondal as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

The Russell-Silver syndrome is a rare genetic disease, with various clinical presentations. Little is known about its developmental delay and methods of treatment in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical therapy to treat a child with developmental delay caused by Russell-Silver syndrome. The intervention was performed over a period of one year, during 1-hour, twice a week, at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS). Motor performance and functional capacity were assessed by using the Inventory of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability (PEDI). Data were analyzed quantitatively, comparing pre-and post-treatment measures. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in scores for analysis in the areas of self-care and social function. In the area of mobility, the scores also increased, showing an improvement of the engine and consequently higher degree of functionality of the child, but the infant kept showing a lower level of development when compared with typically developing children at the same age. Physical therapy was an efficacious method of intervention, enhancing and acelerating the motor and functional development in a infant with Russell-Silver syndrome.

Effect of Black tea extract (BTE) as green inhibitor on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1.0M HCl, 1.0M H2SO4 and 35g/l NaCl was studied by potentiodynamic polarization techniques open–circuit potential, linear polarization resistance and Tafel plots polarization, its clear BTE gives inhibition in both anodic and cathodic slopes in Tafel polarization, that indicate this inhibitor used as mixed-type inhibitor, the thermodynamic adsorption isotherm was studied and falls into Langmiur isotherm, and it is physisorption isotherm. Also the surface morphology of MS samples without and with the inhibitor was examined using scanning electron microscopy.

Vertical Integration remains a critical concept for organizational that seeks to own activities along the supply chain with an aim of gaining control of activities within their line of business. In most organizations vertical integration as a strategy once adopted along the supply chain, seeks to have an effect on value addition, cost reduction and control of the activities the organization has owned through vertical integration. The general objective of the project was to identify and evaluate the effects of vertical integration on the performance of agricultural commodity business. The theoretical review established the effects of vertical integration towards the performance of agricultural commodity business. The specific objectives of the study discussed the effects of ownership of warehouses; transport ownership, supplier relationship management and distribution ownership on the performance of agricultural commodity business in Export Trading Co Ltd. The study was conducted through a descriptive design to describe the effects of vertical integration on the performance of the agricultural commodity business. Stratified sampling technique ensured success of coming up with a sample size of 45 respondents from the target population of 148. Primary and secondary data was collected for the research, a semi structured questionnaires was used to collect primary data while press releases, journals, company website will provide secondary data. The primary data will be analyzed through Statistical Program of Social Studies SPSS (Version 20). The study conclusion gave percentage variations of warehousing, transport, distribution and food processing on the performance of agricultural commodity business. This provided a strong practical value from the results to assist future parties of interest within the subject of vertical integration with proper understanding of the subject.

Paenibacillus polymyxa was used in pretreatment of hematite to facilitate the flocculation removal of quartz and pyrolusite minerals. The adsorption results showed that the affinity of P. polymyxa to the three minerals according to the order: pyrolusite> quartz >hematite all over the pH range. On applying P. polymyxa bacterial strain, to be used as sole flocculating reagent, to selectively separate hematite from its mixture with pyrolusite at pH 6.5 and 5x109 cell/ml succeeded in the removal of 73.5 % of MnO2 as a concentrate containing about 2.65% MnO2 was obtained from a feed containing about 9.97 % MnO2 with 77 % Wt. % flocculated. Applying the same conditions for flocculation of a natural iron ore yielded a concentrate containing 2.54% MnO2, 0.25% SiO2 and 74.40% Fe2O3 with a recovery of 75% from a feed containing 8.79% MnO2 , 0.49% SiO2 and 67.90% Fe2O3. In this paper, the role of Paenibacillus polymyxa on the surface properties of the three single minerals has been studied through zeta potential measurements as well as the adsorption experiments. Complete characterization of both single minerals and bacteria strain have been done using XRF, SEM, and FTIR.

Africa is currently challenged with an eroding ethical leadership base across the continent. The foundation of past ethical thought and exploring authoritative sources has led to a general understanding and consensus of what ethics should subscribe to. Africa, and South Africa in particular, is at a junction where the quest for a renewed spirit and united front for re-establishing an ethical foundation is eminent. Higher education and evolving curriculum in typical leadership programmes is important in sewing a ‘golden thread’ throughout every curriculum thus portraying the critical importance of a renewed thrust in strategic community development globally. To solve the current dilemma that is fragmenting the continent regarding the degeneration of ethical conduct amongst current leadership in Africa, the paper undertakes to concentrate on possible models and the essence thereof for innovative ethical solutions to emerge. Developing higher education global systems and critically evaluating policy, practice and its evolving implementation that incorporates a paradigm of thinking that not only takes into account the past (in-the-box thinking), the current evolving ‘outside-of-the-box’ thinking but explores a shift that encourages teaching, learning and innovation with a renewed higher education basket of tools. The ultimate journey is a new focus on a shift toward ‘without-the-box’ thinking for further development in higher education using a learner-centred approach in a flipped classroom environment thus encouraging a renewed ethos embedded in an innovative future professional that should emerge. The outcome is a renewed approach to revitalise higher education in a fast and vibrant technological global environment, encouraging a new generation of dynamic, strategic African leaders that can address the on-going evolving sustainable development leadership challenges which are currently fragmenting and destabilising the continent.

The aim of this study is to explore entrepreneurship education and training programme in Nigeria, particularly the SMEDAN Corper’s Entrepreneurship Development Programme (CEDP) and the impact of the programme on behavioural and attitudinal changes’ towards venture creation among Nigeria graduates.The research design adopted for this study is qualitative exploratory using an in-depth interview to solicit for first hand information among the purposive selected 8 respondents who have participated in the National Youth Service Corp (NYSC) scheme as well as those who partake in the SMEDAN CEDP in Nigeria. Data collected were transcribed and analysed base on the participant’s opinion and perception on the entrepreneurship education and training programme outcomes of SMEDAN/NYSC Corper’s Entrepreneurship Development Programme (CEDP). The study reveals that the SMEDAN/NYSC Corper’s Entrepreneurship Development Programme (CEDP) does not change the behaviour and attitudes of Nigeria graduates’ towards venture creation because the scheme was identified with faulty curriculum, lack of practical training pedagogy, inadequate entrepreneurship background knowledge of the trainers and majorly lack of workable EET model to follow by SMEDAN during the training. Again, most participants attributed their inability to set-up business or venture creation basically to lack of funds after the EET. The study is limited to SMEDAN/NYSC Corper’s Entrepreneurship Development Programme (CEDP) to explore the effect of the EET on venture creation. Further studies can be conducted on other interventionist agencies in Nigeria to measure the impact of EET quantitatively in order to have a more generalise conclusions. This study basically provide an insight into how Entrepreneurship Education and Training (EET) programme is carried out in Nigeria with special focus on SMEDAN/NYSC Corper’s Entrepreneurship Development Programme (CEDP) towards venture creation and changes in behaviours, as well as the attitudes of prospective entrepreneurs using an effective EET models. This study added to the understanding of Entrepreneurship Education and Training (EET) programmes and how the programmes can lead to venture creation in Nigeria context.

Sex, Gender and Sexual orientation are a deep rooted part of human identity. Unfortunately sexual orientation is not explicitly documented in any international human rights documents and humanitarian laws. Except Heterosexual orientation, no others are in mainstream. Undoubtly Sexual Minority (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI)) is also part of human community, so as they are entitled to all human rights on an equal basis with others. But homosexuality is punishable in several countries and misleadingly members of sexual minority people considered as homosexuals further Criminals. Extralegal violence and Discrimination against those are also common. Sexual minorities are forced to remain underground. LGBTI individuals are forced to lead lives in secrete. Despite recent steps forward in the recognition of sexual minority’s rights, the persecution of these people because of their sexual orientation and gender identity is going on continuously. Persecution directed against individuals because of their real or presumed sexual orientation is also a humanitarian issue, as is any persecution. Determination of Refugee Claims based on sexual orientation needs special attention. There are legitimate claims for LGBTI people to gain refugee status under the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (the Geneva Convention”). This Article examines the causes of persecution on the basis of sexual orientation moreover how International Law is embarking upon the problem, most notably the regional legal approach on this issue of persecution, This article suggests that there is a discernible national response in the courts and tribunals of all over world to sexual orientation-based refugee claims.