Archives-J 

Since its inception, Color Filter Arrays (CFA) image compression has proved to be the most popular approach for image storage in single sensor camera imaging. CFA plays a very important role in the single sensor Digital Still Cameras (DSCs) to record intensity information of one color component at each pixel location. The captured image data is then compressed with different compression methods. CFA image compression introduced several innovative schemes to perform both lossy and lossless compression. Number of studies is available in the literature with respect to the performance of CFA image compression and its mechanisms. In this paper, a systematic survey of the CFA image compression in both lossy and lossless mode from 1991 to 2011 is presented. The surveyed papers discuss the coding techniques used and the resulting observations about compression performance in terms of bit rate PSNR of the reconstructed image.

Mobile Adhoc Networks is a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which form temporary networks without relying on any existing infrastructure or centralized administration or standard support services regularly available in wide area networks to which the host may normally be connected. In this paper the simulation results has been compared between previous & current approach for the correction and detection of Gray Hole attack in MANETs and all the results are taken by NS2 Simulator.

This paper mainly focuses on computerization of ration shops providing Customer Card or Ration Card having the Biometric Identification. Currently the Ration shops are manually operated like billing, weighting systems which are inaccurate, makes a way for causes for mischiefs and cheating activities. To avoid these problems all the ration shops are to be computerized and all the customer’s cards are provided with a digital card with Biometric Identification. By means of implementing the computerized billing and the digital weighting machine to be interfaced to the computer system. The finger print of the customer is used as the biometric Identification, in order to avoid the unauthorized accessibility upon the ration shop. By implementing the system ration shop process become simple and stack details are accurate and easily calculated in terms of grams. The chance for cheating and inaccurate quantity of supply are rare, so the customers can get accurate amount of products. The stack and overall calculations of the ration shop is made fast and simple.

Single Phase Inverter Based Welding Machine employ resonant high frequency IGBT inverter technology. Due to soft switching scheme, these machines are very rugged and efficient. Currently 1-Phase 160A, 1-Phase 200A, All the TIG machines have built in high frequency igniter circuit for non - contact arc initiation. All these welding machines have Special feature to shut down the internal electronic circuit when machine is kept idle, This feature enhances the life time of machines. Due to such features, Single phase welding machine is having light and saves the electricity up to 60%. Having used for current 20 to 200 A. This machine is moisture free dc welding. The input characteristics are similar to AC, having features such as high max output voltage, stable against voltage fluctuations. Inner loop control for quick system respondence, Peak current control mode make the power devices and stable, against frequent short circuit shocks, Arc thrust function, improve the metal transfer Hot arc ignition function small light and energy saving.

This study assessed laboratory planning skills of selected Junior High School Students in selected integrated science topics. In all 225 students from six intact classes from Cape Coast Junior High Schools students were randomly selected for the study. The students participated in planning task. Three of the intact classes were from public schools and three from private schools. The students were assessed on 7 skills on planning task. Thus each student was expected to exhibit 7 skills in the planning task. The independent t-test, means and percentages were used to analyze data. The results of the study showed that students of JHS from the private schools performed better on the planning task as compared with students of JHS from the public schools. As a result of these findings, it was recommended that hands-on activities in the laboratory should be given a second look on our curriculum. Hands-on activities need to be encouraged more in Junior High Schools in Cape Coast Metropolis.

Sugarcane is one of the most important major economic plants under cultivation in Iran. Heavy equipment and the intensive use of machinery can cause to soil compaction in sugarcane fields. In order to studying quantity of compaction in soil depth in two ages of ratoon 3rd and 6th, cone penetrometer was used for soil resistance measurements was conducted in 45 km south of Khuzestan province Amir kabir Agro-industry (31º03´N, 48º14´E) which has total area 12000 hectare which most of time 9500 hectare is under cultivation. Values were determined by using variograms maps of variable produced by kriging technique. Geostatistical software (GS+5.1, 2001; Gamma Design Software) was used to construct semivariograms and spatial structure analysis for variables fields. results showed differences were found both in soil depth and percentage of soil penetrometer resistance values ? 2 MPa and results shows differences between 61-80cm soil depth in furrows of 3rd and 6th ratoon are very obvious than 0-61cm of soil depth. In 61-80 cm of soil depth resistance in both ratoon field have increased and usage of mechanical loosening techniques subsoiling to remove soil compaction is necessary. In general combination of geostatics data with primary analysis can assist agricultural mechanization studies field and scientists through a previous identification of degraded zones within the field (e.g. block kriging) and management methods involved in slightly areas.

Three general types of sports tourism exist in Malaysia: spectator sports, traditional sports and adventure sports. The purpose of this of this paper to examine a participative sport event, SUKIPT’s athlete, in order to illustrate the relations between athlete and the events to which they travel. Research method used was qualitative, quasi-experiment approach to examine a participative sport event, SUKIPT’s athlete. The impact is based on Gibson (1998), increased urbanization, civilization process, means for economic development, concern with health and well-being, advancement in “high tech” sports equipment, and advancement in communication and technological development.

Family caregivers play a major role in providing care giving assistance to ill persons and their families. Families are an integral part of the care system for persons with a chronic mental illness. Mental health professionals need to be aware of and address the stress borne by the family in caring for patients with mental illness as they treat the patient. The aim of the study was to assess the burden of caregivers among mentally and physically ill women. This is a cross sectional study. The sample size consisted of 65 caregivers of women with mentally ill and 50 caregivers of women with physically ill attending the both OPD (Psychiatric and Gynae & obstetric OPD) of Sir Sunder Lal hospital. Caregiver burden of women with mental illness was more than of physical illness. There was significant difference found in both groups of caregivers. Keeping in view of the findings of study, the following recommendation were made. There is a need for teaching skills in the form of problem solving and communication is also needed to promote the coping abilities.

The aim of this study is to offer a commentary on the sustainability of sustainable design science. After a brief introduction on the subject, key concepts of sustainability are presented and then discussed from the viewpoint of management. Although sustainability may survive in the theory domain, we argue that it is impossible for the concept to survive as a practice under current circumstances. It is vital to draw the attention of top-level leaders to this subject; development can only be realised if the issue is placed on the agenda of top-level decision makers.

In this paper, the dynamics of spatially extended infected phytoplankton with the Holling type II functional response and logistically growing susceptible phytoplankton system and also the phytoplankton dynamics with susceptible and infected class of populations with diffusion is studied. The reaction diffusion system exhibits spatiotemporal chaos and pattern formation in phytoplankton dynamics, which is particularly important role for the spatially extended systems. We obtained the condition of diffusion-driven stability for the spatial dynamical system. Also we obtained the numerical simulation for the chaos and pattern formation for understanding the dynamical behavior of the phytoplankton system.