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Communication in an organization is aimed to convey correct and accurate information at the right time to people within the organization in order to enhance the organization's performances. In an organization, the down-top communication is required by the managers as suggestions from the subordinates can help them in making decisions and planning organization. The correct and accurate information from the subordinates can also assist the managers to resolve the conflict of organization and make an informed decision in the organization. The top-down communication which is also known as downward communication is also required by subordinates in order to get right and clear information about the tasks which to carry out effectively. The effectiveness of leadership communication is also proposed to be enhanced by either modifying factors of situation to become more comfortable or changing leadership style for leaders

Brown tumor also known as osteitis fibrosa cystica is a focal bony lesion due to bone remodeling from either primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Torticollis is an unusual clinical presentation of the tumor. We report a 65-year-old female patient who had been on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure, admitted with severe cervical pain and torticollis due to a minor cervical trauma. The imaging revealed multiple bony lesions that turned out to be brown tumors.

Rabies is a fatal neuropathogenic disease. Of the estimated 55,000 deaths occurring world-wide attributable to rabies every year, 31,000 of occurs in Asia. In Asia the largest proportion of rabies death occurs in India. Dog bites are the primary source of human rabies in all rabies endemic countries and accounting for 96% of rabies cases in the South East Asia Region. The vision of Association for Prevention and control of Rabies in India is to “Make India Rabies Free by 2020”. There is no specific treatment for clinical rabies. Post-Exposure prophylaxis includes local wound care, categorization of animal bite wounds, rabies immunoglobulin and anti-rabies vaccine. The recommended strategies for eradication of rabies in India include educating public about post exposure vaccination, addition of pre exposure rabies vaccination to routine childhood immunization schedule, making rabies a notified disease, vaccination of dogs and animal birth control programs.

Castleman’s disease is a rare pathology of unknown etiology with different clinical manifestations, which creates both diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. It’s abdominal localization is rarely described. There are no characteristic signs in imaging, and the diagnosis of certainty is histological. The management of Castleman's disease and its prognosis differ depending on whether it is localized or pluricentric. The localized form usually develops favorably after surgical excision. We present a particular case located in the mesentery, revealed by repeated hematemesis.

The structurally similar cresol derivatives of o-cresol, m-cresol and p-cresol were characterized by FT-IR, FT-Raman experimental techniques, ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations. The calculated and experimental results covering molecular structures, assignments of fundamental vibrational modes and thermodynamic properties were investigated. The complete vibrational assignments of wave numbers were made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED). The comparisons and assignments of vibrational frequencies indicate that, the experimental spectra coincide satisfactorily with those of theoretically simulated spectrograms. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show the charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The charge density distribution and site of chemical reactivity of the molecules has been obtained by mapping electron density isosurface with electrostatic potential surfaces (ESPs).

Insects are among the most diverse types of animals within the arthropod group that are usually collected for food and feed. The vitamin profile of ten insect samples: adult bee, bee brood, winged termite, termite soldier, mopane worm, scarab beetle, snoult beetle, maize weevil, silkworm larva and silkworm pupa were investigated using standard analytical methods. Among the water-soluble vitamins investigated, vitamin B3 (niacin) had the highest concentration in each of the samples with values 4.57-7.33mg/100g whilst vitamin C (9.27e-5-1.34e-4) recorded the lowest concentration. Other water-soluble vitamins (mg/100g) determined were B1: 0.050-0.096, B2: 0.261-0.387, B5: 1.48e-3-4.14e-3, B6: 0.124-0.156 and B9: 6.55e-3-8.58e-3. Vitamin E (1.50-2.48mg/100g) was most concentrated among the fat-soluble vitamins investigated followed by vitamin A (0.021-0.110mg/100g) whilst vitamin K (6.63e-4-1.04e-3mg/100g) had the least concentration. The statistical analysis using Chi-square at ? = 0.05 showed that no significant differences existed among the samples in the parameters determined. This research work has therefore provided more useful and reliable information on the vitamins composition of the analyzed ten insect samples that could enhance their usefulness and applications in Food industry.

The chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves and the roots of Flabellaria paniculata Cav. (Malpighiaceae) were studied using GC and GC-MS. The leaves oil contains twenty-four compounds which constituted about 91.2% of the oil. This was dominated by sesquiterpenoids (69.9%). The roots oil contains fourteen compounds which constituted about 96.2% of the oil. The roots oil was also dominated by diterpenes (84.1%). The topical anti-inflammatory effects of the two oils were assayed as inhibition of the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorobol-13 acetate (TPA) induced ear edema in mice. The oils at 5.0 and 2.5 mg dose levels exhibited more effect than indomethacin (0.25 mg) in reducing edema. The results demonstrated the leaves oil of Flabellaria paniculata has an anti-inflammatory agent, supporting the use of this plant in folk medicine. Aside these, other compounds were reported along with the anti-inflammatory activity and these seemed to receive no mention in any previous literature known to us and hence novel.

The society’s attitudes towards women’s occupation are positively changing. Over 68 % of statistical community of Iranian National Values and Attitudes strongly oppose the idea that women should only work at home having no right to involve in outside work., by scrutinizing the first 14 year-newspapers of post revolution in Iran, came to this conclusion that there is a pinhole of hope in attitudes towards women occupation in Iran because the optimistic disposition toward women’s employment has increased from 14 % in the first round (1979-1982) to 33 % in the second round (1983-1987) to 53 % in the third round (1987-1992) The investigation of women’s occupational status in governmental organizations indicates that in 1996 of all working managers in the governmental organizations only 3.14 % were female which declined to 2.98 % in 2001 (Women’s Participation Center, 2003: 3); that is, there is a large gap between the large number of educated women entering the occupational market looking for jobs and the desirable expected status. There is no balance in the economic and cultural structure of Iran; although women are more wiling to enter the governmental organizations, in spite of their higher education, they do not enjoy an equal position in occupations particularly in the governmental organizations and managerial posts (Vatan Parast, 2001: 72).

In order to increase the reliability and efficiency of distributed micro-generation a modular grid-connected inverter system is proposed. It consists of a modular DC-DC converter and modular DC-AC converter. Output of the DC-DC converter and input of the DC-AC inverter is connected with a DC bus. The By using the DC-DC converter voltage can be stepped up and Maximum power point tracking can be achieved In this system no transformer is used in the inverter side to inject the voltage into the grid. Here the Voltage is injected in the grid using inductor filter. The practicability of the proposed system has been verified by simulation results and hardware.

In this paper, a new ultra low power digital linear phase ?nite Impulse Response (FIR) filter based on parallel architecture of Multiplication and Accumulation (MAC) with a new logic approach by Pass-Transistor Logic(PTL) is presented, PTL as an alternative logic that can enhance the design performance since PTL can transformation signals using either the source or drain and the gate. This multiplier is include three blocks booth encoder, new signed shifter and addition block. Booth encoder and shifter block are completely based on multiplexers (2-to-1). We tried to use low power design methods both in gate level and transistor level to reach minimum hardware and power consumption other resons for reduce power consumption are use D-Flip-Flop’s aim at glitch and charge sharing free structures, low power energy recovery full adder cells has been used in adders, also for increase speed, two parallel MAC are utilized. Simulation has been carried out by HSPICE in 0.18µm bulk technology at 1.8v supply voltage. Power consumption is 55uw at 100Mhz.