Archives-J 

Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of Swertia chirata (Gentianaceae) were screened against economically important two lepidopteran pests viz, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura. Insects were orally treated in the third instar larval stage by no choice leaf disc method. Among the tested extracts, methanol extract of S. chirata highly inhibited the feeding activity and the different developmental stages of H. armigera and S. litura. Toxicity of S. chirata was identified as dosage dependent in both species. In H. armigera and S. litura larvae, 68 and 56% antifeedant activity was recorded as maximum respectively at 5% concentration of methanol extract. Nearly 80% and 50% larvae of H. armigera and S. litura were killed respectively by methanol extract (5%) within 96 h duration of treatment. Pupal mortality was recorded after the adult emergence, and it was varied between the treatment concentrations in H. armigera and S. litura. Due to the toxic effect of methanol extract ultimate adult emergence was gradually reduced with increasing concentration of the treatments. More than 80% of adult emergence was suppressed in both the species.

Salmonellosis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in Sub Saharan Africa. This warranted the appraisal of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of clinical Salmonella isolates from the study catchment area. The study aimed to determine in vitro antibiotic susceptibility profile of Salmonella species isolated from stool samples. Kirby Bauer and MIC results indicated significant resistance to antimicrobial agents(p<0.001). One isolate exhibited resistance to ten antibiograms tested and the resistance phenotype was; Ampicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamycin, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and ciproflaxin (AmpTCotStKGmSxCNaCip). Routine surveillance of local system is vital to monitor emerging resistance trends in study area.

Video on demand (VOD) service is widely used nowadays to watch online videos. Video on demand has evolved as a major Problem implementation for network. This research aims to design a suitable grid computing system to enhance performance of video on demand. The goal of using Grid computing system is to create the simple but large and powerful virtual computer with large collection of heterogeneous systems sharing resources. User can submit request for video to grid server without necessary knowing where it will be execute. It is the responsibility of the grid server to distribute request among several servers (clusters). The results we get optimize resource usage, load balance, and time delay for delivering video file. The MATLAB simulation program is designed to compare old server performance with Grid server performance focusing on time delay and system throughput, which decreases Video delay 60 % - 70%.

Water pipelines are also called as lifelines as they serve the most important parameter to the peoples. Hence water pipelines are most important structural element and to make it more safe take utmost priority. When pipelines are subjected to various loads such as earth fill or surcharge load, uplift pressure, lateral side pressure and sometimes may be subjected to superimposed traffic load if roadway or railway comes over it. The various factors such as depth of fill above pipe, side trench width, internal water pressure, support conditions are the some factor which are observed, which greatly affect he stress behavior in the pipeline. The study and experimental work done shows the satisfactory parameters for making underground pipe structure more safe and efficient and thus will prove beneficiary to society even in worse disasters such as earthquake.

The synthesis of nanoparticles has been entirely a chemical process till last few years. Because of environmental threat, the development of eco-friendly processes for the synthesis of nano-materials is the need of the day. One approach that shows great potential is synthesis of nanoparticles using micro-organisms and plants. The present study deals with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and investigating the effect of process variables like reductant concentrations, reaction pH, mixing ratio of the reactants and interaction time on the morphology and size of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of previously unexploited plant Cephalandra indica leaves. These nanoparticles were characterized with UV-Vis spectrum, FTIR and SEM analysis which revealed that the morphology and size of silver nanoparticles were strongly dependent on the process parameters. Within 4 hrs interaction period, the nanoparticles are polydisperse and nearly spherical shape with size ranging from 40 to 90nm in size. Further these biologically synthesized nanoparticles were found to be highly toxic against different bacterial species.

Palm Kernel Oil Residue (PKOR) is a waste product obtained after extracting oil from palm kernel by cottage industries. The residue is dumped at processing sites and the stench that emanates from the oxidizing product, causes nuisance to processors and nearby residents. Animal scientists are advocating the use of the fresh product as energy resource in broiler rations. This study was therefore conducted to determine the effects of partial replacement of maize in broiler rations with PKOR, on carcass parameters and sensory characteristics of broiler chicken. A total of 80 birds (5 from each treatment) were randomly selected from 160 birds fed diets containing 0% (control), 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and 17.5% PKOR. At maturity (8 weeks old), the birds were slaughtered, and hot carcass and viscera weights were taken. Carcasses were sectioned into primal cuts after 24-hour chilling, and each part was weighed. The breast muscles were grilled for sensory evaluation. Proximate composition, ultimate pH (pHu) and peroxide value of the muscles were determined. Data obtained were analyzed using the General Linear Model of ANOVA component of Minitab software. The results indicate that PKOR inclusion up to 17.5% in broiler rations has no significant (p>0.05) effects on carcass parameters and sensory characteristics of the meat. Crude protein and fat contents of the carcasses were not significantly (p>0.05) different. However, PKOR inclusions beyond 7.5% significantly (p<0.001) increased the moisture content of the muscles. Ultimate pH (pH after 24hours of slaughter) and peroxide value after 7 days in storage were not significantly affected by the use of PKOR. The study indicated that farmers can include PKOR up to 17.5% in broiler rations without adverse effects on the carcass and sensory characteristics of the meat.

Intracranial metastases from prostate cancer are unusual. It appears frequently in advanced castration- resistant prostate cancer. Their prognosis is very poor and mediane of survival does not exceed 4 months at maximum. Few systemic treatments cross the blood brain barrier. We report two cases of patients with two different localisations of intracranial metastases from adenocarcinoma of prostate cancer.

Effect of difference molar on the optical properties of Al2O3 samples, prepared samples by Sol-gel method. The optical characteristics of the prepared samples have been investigated by UV/Vis spectrophotometer(min 1240) in the wavelength range (370 – 390 ) nm .The samples have a direct allow electronic transition with optical energy (Eg) the value of 0.1 M sample (Al2O3) obtained was (3.276) eV while for other 0.3 M sample (Al2O3 ) was (3.269) eV. The value of ( Eg) was decreased from (3.276) eV to (3.269) eV. The decreasing of (Eg) related to increasing Aluminum Oxide molar on the samples. The maximum value of (n) is (2.1358) for all samples at the differances wavelength which is agreement with molar of Aluminum Oxide increased for all samples of (Al2O3). The results indicate the sample have good characteristics for optoelectronic applications.

The use of essential oils in the food industry, as natural sanitizing agents, requires the definition of optimal conditions. The aim of the present work was to evaluate some antifungal activity parameters as mycelial growth inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil from Benin against Aspergillus (flavus and tamari), Fusarium (poae and verticillioides) and Penicillium (citrinum and P. griseofulvum) species isolated from traditional cheese wagashi. The chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from fresh leaves was studied by GC-FID and GC-MS and showed (E) ethyl cinnamate with (E)-cinnamaldehyde and benzyl benzoate (39.9, 25.0 and 20.5% respectively) as major compounds. The evaluation of fungal activity showed a significant fungistatic activity against both Fusarium species and Penicillium griseofulvum with a MIC ranged from 800 to 1000 mg/L due probably to the prominent concentration in (E)-cinnamaldehyde of C. zeylanicum essential oil. Results obtained in the present study indicate the possibility of exploiting Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential to preserve wagashi from Fusarium and Penicillium contamination.

Previous studies have shown that the physiochemical properties of urine could change after ingestion of medicinal plants, and may provide significant clinical and diagnostic information. This study examined the urinary profile of healthy subjects who consumed Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) infusion. Urine samples were obtained from 105 participants at days 0, 10 and 30 after treatment with infusions prepared from 2, 4 and 8g of C. citratus powder. Biochemical analyses of the urine to determine its chemical constituents were performed using standard procedures. Results obtained on days 10 and 30 were compared with baseline values. UV and UF increased in all groups. Urinary excretion of some electrolytes (Na⁺ and K⁺) and DA increased at day 10 only, whereas others (Ca²⁺ and Cl^-) increased at both days 10 and 30. USG and colour remained unchanged. Urinary creatinine levels significantly increased (p<0.05) in all groups, whereas urinary urea significantly (p<0.05) increased in all groups except the group treated with 8g for 30 days. Urine uric acid and pH decreased in all groups. Urinary protein, glucose, bilirubin and bicarbonate were undetected. Ingestion of C. citratus infusion is associated with some physiochemical changes in urinary composition and could provide significant clinical information on the systemic effects of the plant in humans.