Archives-J 

Linear model of cadmium content of soil samples in five commercial motor parks in some cities in South-eastern Nigeria were studied using analysis of variance and least significant difference test. The results showed that the mean values of three out of the five samples investigated and modeled were statistically significant at 95% probability level. Three of these five samples when compared with the cadmium permissible limits of 0.01 mg/kg were statistically significant at 95% probability level using the calculated least significant difference of 0.112 mg/kg. From the results of the analyses of the study, the Cadmium content in these choice locations were greater than the permissible limit of 0.01 mg/kg for Cadmium level in the environment.

The first closed bilayer phospholipid system called Liposomes, was described in 1964 and soon was proposed as drug delivery system. Liposome was found by Alec Bangham of Babraham Institute in Cambridge, England in 1965. In 1965s, it was well recognized that microscopic lipid vesicles, known as liposomes, could be utilized to encapsulate drugs and dyes for the purpose of systemic administration and drug targeting.Liposomes have been widely investigated since 1970 as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents to specific sites in the body. In 1990; drugs with liposome and Amphotericin B were approved by Ireland. In 1995 America F.D.A approved liposor doxodubicin. The liposome a microscopic spherical particle formed by a lipid bilayer enclosing an aqueous compartment.An artificial microscopic vesicle consisting of an aqueous core enclosed in one or more phospholipid layers, used to convey vaccines, drugs, enzymes, or other substances to target cells or organs. This review discusses the mechanism of liposome formation, structural components of liposome, classification, preparation method, pharmacokinetics,targeting, advantages, disadvantages, limitation, factors affecting the formation, characterization, potential applications of liposomes in drug delivery with examples of formulations approved for clinical use and products in clinical trials.

Table of contents for the month of August 2021

This study examines integration among Karachi Stock Exchange of Pakistan and Shanghai Stock Exchange of China. Monthly data ranging from January 2001 to December 2010 is included and tested in this paper. This relationship is tested by using descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. Data stationary is ensured by Unit Root Test. Evidence from Granger Causality and Impulse Response Test. The Results shows that SSE and KSE has no long term relationship or impact on each other focusing on the data of KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange) and SSE (Shanghai Stock Exchange).

Low back pain (LBP) is a prominent cause of disability and restricts the quality of life and work performance of an individual. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence and related factors of low back pain among office workers in Dhaka City. A cross-sectional study was carried out by a self-constructed questionnaire. 150 office workers comprising 112 male and 38 female took part in this study. The maximum age range was 30 to 39 years old (38.7%) where more than half of the respondents had less than 10 years of job experience. Results indicated that the prevalence of LBP was 60%. Most of the participants complained mild and moderated pain with intermittent nature, more than half (60.3%) of the respondents having LBP who did the frequent forward bending. Greater percentages (59.1%, 57.0%) of individuals who did not use lumber support and body distant from the computer greater than 50 cm were reported LBP. However, there was a significant relation between LBP with Job experience (p<0.05) and daily sitting time in a working place (p<0.05). Therefore, LBP was moderately high in Bangladeshi office workers and some factors were influencing for LBP. It is needed for all office workers to learn about the related factors that help to prevent and control the occurrence of pain.

This paper re-examines the evidence for cointegration between international stock prices. It applies Johansen’s maximum likelihood (ML) cointegration method Var and impulse response stock price of Nigeria, the United Kingdom, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia and the United States, with monthly data covering the period of 01/02/2004-01/07/2016. it finds at most one cointegrating vector from the developed market to emerging market. The results show that no bivariate cointegration exists between the Nigeria and any of the stock markets being studied, and the multivariate cointegration confirms the result. The findings on dynamic return linkages is that there is no significant returns linkages among the markets, with the exception to UK. Indeed FTSE100 is the most exogenous. Therefore, all markets are not exposed to the same set of risk factors and the risk premia on each factor varies among all markets. The non-existence of a cointegrating relationship between the Nigerian market and the considered stock markets implies that these markets offer potential for pairwise portfolio diversification for a Nigerian portfolio manager

In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed with three classes of population namely, susceptible, incubated and infected. The incubation period is defined as the time from exposure to onset of viral disease, and when limited to infectious viral disease, corresponds to the time from infection with a microorganism to symptom development. Immunity(natural or caused by vaccination) plays an important role in recovery of a disease, due to strong immunity a portion of incubated class rejoins susceptible class without being infected. The stability behavior of the trivial, disease free and endemic steady states are studied, it is found that the instability of disease free state leads to the existence of the endemic state. The possibility of Hopf-bifurcation of the endemic equilibrium is studied, considering the transfer rate from susceptible to incubated population as bifurcation parameter. Finally, a threshold value of bifurcation parameter is determined numerically for a particular set of parameters.

An almost complex manifold is a smooth manifold accoutred with smooth linear complex structure on each tangent space. Almost complex structures have important applications on symplectic geometry. M is a symplectic manifold such that it accoutred with a closed nondegenerate di¤erential 2-form then it called the symplectic form. Symplectic mani- folds arise naturally in abstract formulations of classical mechanics and analytical mechanics as the cotangent bundles of manifolds. In classical mechanics, dynamic movements with Euler-Lagrange and Hamilton equa- tions is found. We, using two complex structures, examined mechanical systems on symplectic geometry.

Ceramic whiteware represents one of the most complex ceramics, formulated from a mix of china clay, ball clay and quartz are sintered to conform a ceramic composite. Ceramic whiteware has excellent technical characteristics. Nowadays, research of new materials, for example non-hazardous wastes, that are able to replace the traditional fluxing agent without changing the process or quality of the final products has been realized. The aim of this work is to study the possibility of the use of quartz, in ceramic whiteware mixtures, for manufacturing of electrical ceramic whiteware bodies. It was prepared by mixtures containing different amounts of china clay, ball clay, feldspar and quartz. The samples were fired reaching different maximum temperatures in the range 950-1250 ºC, with a soaking time of 1 hour. The fired samples were characterized and the use of small amounts of quartz in addition with whiteware samples showed good results of mechanical technological properties. The optimum quartz percentage (25%) S1 samples at 1250 ?C gives the maximum bending strength.

Data dependencies between instructions have traditionally limited the ability of processors to execute instructions in parallel. Data value predictors are used to overcome these dependencies by guessing the outcomes of instructions in a program. Because mispredictions can result in a significant performance decrease, most data value predictors include a confidence estimator that indicates whether a prediction should be used or not.Much research has been done recently in the area of data value prediction as a means of overcoming these data dependencies [7,8,9,10,11,17,18,20,21]. The goal of data value prediction is to guess the outcome of an instruction before the instruction is actually executed, allowing future instructions that depend on its outcome to be executed sooner. Data value predictors are usually designed to look for patterns among the data produced in repeated iterations of static instructions. Accurate prediction can be attained when the repeated outcomes of a particular instruction follow easily discernable patterns.This paper presents a global approach to confidence estimation in which the prediction accuracy of previous instructions is used to estimate the confidence of the current prediction. Data value prediction is done using perceptrons and Support Vector Machines are used to identify which past instructions affect the accuracy of a prediction and to decide based on their results whether the prediction is likely to be correct or not .