Archives-J 

The aim of the study is to examine it is sometimes necessary to use transformation of variable for treating autocorrelation of regression or time series model. Different there are many methods have been used for this purpose. This paper uses the first difference method and the Cochrane-Orcutt method in autocorrelation of malaria data in Khartoum State, treated in out-patient clinics. The data collected from the Federal Ministry of Health, National Health Information Centre, and annual reports during (2001 – 2015). By calculating the estimates for each method and errors, the paper showed that the method of differences is better in the treatment of auto-correlation, and there are limits of negatives error, because reducing these errors from least square method.

Children and youth today seem to have more stressor and difficulties in their everyday life especially when a parent goes to prison. Children with incarceration issues receive little attention, but the issue so widespread; concern for the well-being of the effected children has been raised. Incarceration brings long term effects to family members by increasing violence among children; impeding children to have a better picture of their life which directly and indirectly affects children’s well-being. Growing up with violence issues surrounding them is a crucial and devastating experience for the children. Using six selected domains based on the suggestion from Land and colleagues (2001), we assessed the effects of violence issues on children’s well-being with incarceration issues in Kelantan. There are four items of violence being correlate with child well-being score; bullying, disturbance, stigmatization and isolation. These were selected based on the current literature related to children violence. The relationship between children’s well-being score and violence affects were examined in 75 children aged 8 to 17 years with family incarceration issues in Kelantan. Through the findings indicated that children with a higher level of isolation, stigmatization, bullying and disturbance tend to have a low score of the child’s well-being. Children simultaneously indicated that isolation, stigmatization, bullying and disturbance always occurred and was related to their parent’s incarceration status. The negative perception they received also made the children a victim of bullying and thus more isolated.

All the previous studies on buckling and postbuckling loads of plate having all four edges simply supported (SSSS) have been limited to the use of assumed double trigonometric functions of displacement and stress. This has constrained further studies on practical plates’ problems, as the buckling and postbuckling load equation derived thereafter by this approach lacked practical interpretation and application because major associated parameters such as the displacement parameter, Wuv, stress coefficient, Wuv2 and load factor, Kcx were not determined. Hence, this paper obtained the displacement and stress functions of buckling and postbuckling loads of SSSS plate by applying the direct integration theory to the Kirchhoff’s linear buckling governing differential equation and Von Karman’s non–linear governing differential compatibility equation consecutively. Work principle was applied to the Von Karman’s non–linear governing differential equilibrium equation to obtain the buckling and postbuckling loads of the plate. Yield/maximum stress of the plate was also obtained by imposing the bending stress influences of the in-plane loads on their direct stress influences. Wuv, Wuv2 and Kcx were also defined. Therefore, the buckling/postbuckling load and critical yield stress characteristics of SSSS plate under uniformly distributed uniaxial loads could be analyzed completely.

An assessment of the quality of Lessel and Korinya baryte deposits was carried out by analyzing their geochemical properties using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results shows that the mean concentrations of BaO, FeO, Cao, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and SiO2 of Lessel baryte were 77.22, 0.07,1.03, , 0.03, 0.03, 2.25 and 19.08% respectively while at Korinya, the mean concentrations of these parameters were 83.96, 0.04, 2.24, 0.02, 0.03, 2.35 and 11.25% respectively. The result also show that the mean specific gravity of Lessel and Korinya barite depositswere 4.25 and 4.31 respectively. Although the two baryte deposits exhibits close chemical relationship, the Korinya baryte is relatively better in quality in terms of BaO, FeO , SiO2 and specific gravity values. On the basis of BaO,FeO and specific gravity, the two baryte deposits can be used as a weighting material in oil and natural gas drilling. The two barytes are also suitable for glass, paint, and paper production on the basis of their Bao and Al2O3 contents. However, in terms of FeO and SiO2, the two baryte deposits would require beneficiation before being used for glass production. The two barytes would also require beneficiation in terms of FeO contents before being used forfor paint and paper production. The results also indicates that the Lessel and Korinya barytes can be used in the cosmetics, construction and pharmaceutical industries as well as filling materials in the ceramics industry.

Kidney stone disease is very common among Indians and approximately 5-7 million patients suffer from stone disease.The most popular imaging modality for its treatment is ultrasound imaging.Segmentation accuracy determines the eventual success or failure of computerized analysis procedures. Traditional methods available for segmentation of kidney stones are not accurate. We use the evolutionary techniques for segmentation of the kidney stone ultrasound images for the first time based on electromagnetism optimization algorithm and harmony search algorithm for determining multilevel threshold of images. In most cases, the optimal thresholds are found by the minimizing or maximizing an objective function, which depends on the positions of the thresholds. We identify a class of objective functions for which the optimal thresholds can be found using algorithms with low time complexities. The Kapur’s entropy function and Otsu’s between class variance is maximized using these algorithms and an optimal threshold values at different levels are found out. The area of extracted stone is calculated and compared with the area given by the expert radiologist. The other metric used to compare the segmented image and the original image is the peak signal to-noise-ratio (PSNR) value. The relative error is also calculated to show the segmentation accuracy of each method.

The objective of this paper is to propose a framework on the Customer RelationshipManagement (CRM) practices among banks. The conceptual framework is design based on two marketing theories: (i) Relationship Marketing Theory; and (ii) Customer Relationship Management Theory. In this study, the concept of CRM is based on six important dimensions. These dimensions are (i) customer acquisition, (ii) customer response, (iii) customer knowledge, (iv) customer information system, (v) customer value evaluation and (vi) customer information process. Review of the past literatures will be done to enable us to establish the theory and finally propose the conceptual framework to be used in this study.

In a recent years, security for the thermal images are more necessary due to fast growing information technology. Here proposed an thermal image encryption based on histogram diffusion and permutation using chaotic map. As we know that histogram of thermal image distributed towards right (towards white pixel) and towards left (towards black). First step of proposed algorithm shift the histogram by mixing a random number. After that resultant image undergo permutation process with the help of chaotic map followed block wise histogram diffusing. In next level, apply the bit plane permutation. At last XOR operation with random image to get thermal encrypted image. The simulation results shows that proposed algorithm achieves high security.

In the present investigation the methanol extract of the flowers of the medicinal plant Couroupita guianensis was evaluated for its antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical contents. The results of the antimicrobial activity showed effective inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Vibrio mimicus, and Proteus vulgaris. Moderate antimicrobial activity was recorded against E.coli, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the flower extract of this plant showed the presence of phytoconstituents such as carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, reducing sugar and triterpenoids. The alkaloids present in the crude flower extracts of this plant Couroupita guianensis is profoundly expected for its potential antimicrobial activity.

A variable frequency and variable phase function generator with three outputs of (1) reference f_O (2) lead phase f_O + Æ₁ and (3) lag  phase f_O - Æ₂, is described in this paper. The leading phase difference Æ₁ is continuously adjustable over 0 to 180^o by an input control voltage V_C1 and the lagging phase difference Æ₂ is also continuously adjustable over 0 to -180^o by an another input control voltage V_C2, independent of frequency of operation of the function generator which can be set by a third control input dc voltage –V_I

This paper is designed to educate many Nigerians and and foreigners alike on the meaning, relevance and modalities for acquiring patent rights in Nigeria because of the ignorance displayed by many Nigerians and foreigners resident in Nigeria in this area of the law. Patents rights depend for their recognition on compliance with certain formalities. Patents are registered rights and these rights are only enforceable when they have been granted. Registered patent rights, may be proved simply by producing the certificate of grant. The onus rests on the person who wishes to attack the validity of the registration of a patent to prove the invalidity. In Nigeria, legislation on patent rights is obsolete. Ineffective implementation is another problem. As a result, Nigeria is a choice destination for counterfeit products from all over the world. Consequently inventors are discouraged and the government loses revenue from taxes. The flaws in the system have been examined and recommendations have been made.