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The study was intended to investigate effects of pre-task and online task planning on IELTS Task 1 Academic Writing grammar. Forty five Iranian prospective IELTS candidates were randomly placed in three groups of Pre-task planning (PTP), Online-task planning (OTP), and Control group. In PTP, the required structures were given to the participants before the introduction of the task and then participants were asked to write the task. In OTP, as the instructor was presenting the different parts of the task, he introduced the relevant structures as well. For example, he explained the introduction and immediately he presented the types of structures candidates were supposed to write. In the control group, no planning of any sort was presented. The one-way ANOVA for the Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA) showed that there was a highly significant difference between the performance of both PTP and OTP participants compared with those of the control group. Comparing the performance of PTP and OTP participants, however, it was shown that the former got higher GRA scores than the latter. The results of the study indicate that presentation of grammatical structure prior to the presentation of the task can help IELTS Task 1 candidates get higher scores.

This study will reveal whether the mathematics teachers are aware of the reason why the concerned students have difficulty in learning mathematics and what measures they take if they are aware. In this context, the response to intervention (RTI) model, which is assumed to be effective for the students who need special education to gain and develop basic mathematical thinking skills, was applied and the views of the mathematics teachers on the extent of effect of this model. Student monitoring and structured interview forms constitute the data collection tools of the study. Findings show that the teachers are not aware of the reason why students who need special education have difficulty in learning mathematics. Teachers stated that the interventions under RTI increased the mathematics performances of students and that RTI offered new opportunities to students and was effective in increasing their academic achievement as they cannot show adequate attention to them in crowded classes. A RTI model approach is recommended to mathematics teachers for the students who need special education.

Crude oil price directly influence the economic conditions of world. This will impact on the airlines operating of aero engines that lead to turbo machinery to future fuel conservation requirements. The continuing effort to improve performance has created in improving the efficiency of current and future gas turbine engines. The fuel efficiency of an aircraft is dependent upon factors: the drag contributed by the air frame, the drag contributed by the engine and the efficiency of the engine itself. In this paper we discuss the latest advancement in gas turbine engines that improves efficiency of the engine from a unit mass of fuel that is burnt. Turbofan engine coupled with planetary gear increases speed of low pressure compressor by three to four folds of fan takes place inside the core of the engine, which includes the compressor, the combustion chamber, and the turbines that extract mechanical energy from the hot, expanding gases. By increasing the fan diameter & by improving the overall bypass ratios up to 12, the fuel efficiency of engine increases to double digit ~15% which is revolutionary in aero engine development history.

In this paper, we study the structure of cancellative quasi commutative ternary semigroups. In fact we prove that if T is a cancellative quasi commutative ternary semigroup, then (1) T is a primary ternary semigroup, (2) proper prime ideals in T are maximal, (3) semiprimary ideals in T are primary, are equivalent. We obtain a characterization for semipseudo symmetric ternary semigroups with identity in which proper prime ideals are maximal and also we characterize semipseudo symmetric semigroups without identity in which proper prime idels are maximal and globally idempotent principal ideals from a chain. Further we characterize quasi commutative ternary semigroups containing cancellable elements in which proper prime ideals are maximal. Finally we study the ternary semigroups containing, identity with either one of the following properties. (1) Every nonzero primary ideal is prime as well as maximal, (2) every nonzero primary ideal is prime, (3) every nonzero ideal is prime.

The purpose of this study is to find out whether Senior High school teachers integrate assessment in the teaching and learning of Mathematics. Acquisition of Scientific and Mathematical knowledge is based on effective use of assessing students’ learning outcome. Therefore, there simply cannot be any meaningful learning of mathematics without using assessment. In this study Assessment Practices means what teachers use assessment to do in the teaching learning of Mathematics. A sample of 160 teachers in two districts in the Central Region were used. This comprised of 92 Beginning and 68 Experienced teachers. Questionnaire was the main research instruments used in this study. The questionnaire was administered to 160 mathematics teachers in the two districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The design used in this study is a cross-sectional survey. Data collected from the respondents were analysed using frequencies, percentages means and standard deviations. It was found out that majority (136 out of 160) of the Senior High School mathematics teachers do not frequently integrate assessment in the teaching and learning of mathematics. They rather see assessment as an added on activity which mainly comes at the end of the teaching learning process. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Senior High School mathematics teachers be equipped to carry out assessment practices that will enhance students learning in mathematics.

The present study examines the risk model comparison, the conventional wisdom predicting bankruptcy, the Tehran Stock Exchange, with the curve and the ROC, is paid. In this study, the performance model risk, in the face of conventional wisdom predicting bankruptcy, with a comprehensive exam, and using a full database of companies listed on the main Tehran Stock Exchange between 2011 to 2014, with curve and the ROC, we tested. In this study, risk models are of two types. 1. The risk model based on accounting information, and (2) risk model based on market information. And traditional bankruptcy prediction models, as well as two types, 1. Z concession model, only the use of accounting information, and (2) provided that the claim based model, in equity, as an option to decide on assets looks. The population of this research, companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The population of this study, which is now number 342, 95 of them are bankrupt and the sample number, company number is 246, 67 of them are bankrupt. In this study, the software brings new 3, Excel and SPSS (spss) is used. The individual results of each test curve ROC (receiver operating characteristics), and the ROC suggests that the ability to predict bankruptcy risk models better than the traditional approach.

This paper discusses the body of knowledge about Holonic Approach to theoretically demonstrate how Holonic Production System (HPS) can be a convincing choice to overcome the problems of traditional production systems’ architectures. Today, enterprises are trying to find ways to manage the growing environmental complexity that is well described by Complex Systems Theory (CST). After the focus on the main problem regarding environmental complexity, the Holonic system and the Holonic Production System will be analyzed. The paper will focus the potential of HPS to adapt and react to changes in the business environment whilst being able to maintain systemic synergies and coordination through the holonic structure where functional production units are simultaneously autonomous and cooperative.

By applying the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), the study explored the cost and profit efficiency impact of mergers in banking sector of Pakistan during 1998-2006. The intermediation approach is used for definition and determination of input and output variables. It is assumed that cost function followed translog functional form and alternative profit functional form is supposed to be followed by profit function. Following the four years event study approach, both the cost and profit efficiencies are calculated and compared for pre-merger and post-merger period. The study found that in pre-merger period on the average, banks were 93.83% cost efficient, whereas, this figure rose to 94.15% for post merger period. It reflected 0.32% improvement in cost efficiency. The result was significant at 10% level of significance. In case of profit efficiency, the post merger gain was -5%, however, the result was insignificant. The study concluded that there was improvement in cost efficiency due to bank mergers in Pakistan during 1998-2006 however, no such statistically significant evidence was found for profit efficiency.

In contemporary settings, management practices imply strategic approaches to improve employee performance and quality. The paucity of studies on healthcare management practices in developing countries led to the undertaking of this study. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the management practices that influence health workers performance and quality of care within the Dakar-Senegal region and to gain an insight into the central research question of the study. The theory of performance provided the foundation to underpin this study. The overarching research question served to elicit detailed participant responses and aided in uncovering how healthcare workers understand the existing management practices in the organization and the influence it has on workforce performance as it relates to the quality of care in Senegal, west Africa. This study included a sample of clinicians in various healthcare organizations. The protocol developed in this study included one-on-one interviews and focus groups. The repeated words or phrases, using a process of constant comparison of the data was used to analyze the data and derive common and emergent themes, representing the knowledge outcome from the study. The important themes that emerged from the data were productivity, and organizational commitment, based on leadership, transparency and leadership, reflecting the imperatives that must be maintained for effectiveness and institutional effectiveness in delivering quality of patient care. These themes elucidated and clarified how management practices influence healthcare worker performance and quality.

In this century with medical advancements and possibility to treat infertilty by medical methods many question in different scopes ? for example law ? have been submitted which should be answered by scientists to prepare the suitable ground for making necessary rules in this matter .One of these subjects which is submitted in law is the inheritance position of the frozen embryo and the inheritability of the children whose fertilization has taken place after the death of owner of the sperm/ovum and whether ,specific share of inheritance should be saved for them or not? And if the answer to this question is positive how long is its period of time?in this article ,these questions will be answered by relying on law , religious jurisprudence and also the idea of lawyers and religious theorizer. So according to that basis the following conclusions arise: 1- The genealogic relation is just between the children and the owner of sperm and ovum even if there was no marriage relationship between them and clearly inheritance is a result of genealogy. 2- The child whose fertilization has taken place after death of parents also inherits from owner of sperm or ovum’. Because in this situation genealogy (mediocre relationship) does potentially exist. 3- The embroy that is composed and fertilized out of the uterus can be supported by civil law. whether it is growing up or it has been frozen, because the frozen embryo is a pottential human being, in addition the generality of Iran civil law include this group, too.As well,as Freezing embryo, after death or separation from of the parents, causes some problems,the legislators should find a solution to prevent these challenges but it is not a good reason to deprive these children of their right of inheritance.