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Indian women have to go a long way to achieve equal rights and position because traditions are deep rooted in Indian society where the sociological set up has been a male dominated one. Despite all the social hurdles, Indian women stand tall from the rest of the crowd ands are applauded for their achievements in their respective field. The transformation of social fabric of the Indian society, in terms of increased educational status of women and varied aspirations for better living, necessitated a change in the life style of Indian women. She has competed with man and successfully stood up with him in every walk of life and business is no exception for this. These women leaders are assertive, persuasive and willing to take risks, they managed to survive and succeed in this cut throat competition with their hard work, diligence and perseverance. Increasing numbers of women are becoming leaders of their own businesses, and many are struggling to achieve success. The present paper endeavors to study the concept of women entrepreneurs –reasons women become entrepreneurs –Reasons for slow progress of women entrepreneurs in India-suggestions for the growth of women entrepreneurs-schemes for promotion &development of women entrepreneurship in India.

The objective of this study is to observe facilitation styles during the process of collaborative writing among students in a private university-college in Malaysia. Participants in this study comprised fourteen Year Two Bachelor of Social Science students. They formed two case study groups in performing their writing tasks. Data was obtained from various instruments such as video recordings, interviews, diary entries and observations. The findings showed two totally different approaches used in leading collaborators. Both approaches, in hand, successfully promoted teamwork. In addition, significant outcomes from collaboration were observed. It can be concluded that positive output from collaboration is very much dependent on the high commitment level of collaborators.

Writing through an organized model and using the most frequent structural patterns as the proficient writers in different sorts of writings has always been worthy of attention. It can be said that narratives are nearly the most common and prevalent sort of writing in Iran. From the primary school, students are being asked to jot down their experiences of a specific occasion or holiday (e.g. Norouz holiday, summer holiday); however, little attention has been paid to the way students have to organize their writings and the kind of referencing has been taken for granted. The connectedness and cohesion of any text in all languages is granted, not mention the fact that coherence is the prerequisite to that. Using cohesive devices, which referencing is one of them, helps the writer to keep the cohesion. Looking for the differences in the commonality of the existence of cataphora and anaphora, we are going to come up with the most prevalent type of referencing, in order to help students to write in the most common way. Cataphora is usually defined as the referential relation in which the element referred to is anticipated by the referring element, usually a pronoun, and anaphora is a linguistic relation between two textual entities which is defined when a textual entity (the anaphor) refers to another entity of the text which usually occurs before (the antecedent). Two English and Persian contemporary short stories have been waded through to discover the most common pattern in terms of using anaphora and cataphora referencing in English writing. Ten English narrative essays and ten Persian narrative essays have been analyzed too for the same purpose. In the end, the results tend to show that anaphoric referencing comparing to cataphoric one is more prevalent in Persian narratives comparing to English ones. Of course, if we consider the frequency of anaphoric and cataphoric referencing, anaphora is more common in both languages; however, it is more common in Persian, as we see rare samples of cataphoric referencing in Persian, while there are more samples of cataphoric referencing in English narratives.

In the present paper, we have generalized Shannon inequality for Aczel and Daroczy entropy and give its application in coding theory. We define mean codeword length and their bounds have been defined and a coding theorem on a lower and upper bounds of a generalized mean codeword length in terms of Aczel and Daroczy entropy has been proved.

Prior researches found several methods to construct 1- factorization using Steiner triple systems [1], the staircase method of Bileski [2], and etc. But not given any method of constructing 1- factors in complete graphs. In our previous work, we briefly explained this construction and published in an Abstract form in the iPURSE 2017. Generalization of that work is given in this paper. For complete graphs whose number of vertices is a multiple of 2, we implement our finding using Java program

Over a period of time India has emerged as a global attraction for retail industry. Unfortunately due to rising employee costs and alarming attrition rates, the retail companies are now worried about losing business to upcoming countries like Philippines, China and South Africa. The Indian retail professionals are now days have become known for their job hopping habits. Employee turnover has always been a matter of concern for organizations. A large degree of employee turnover is highly detrimental to both the organization as well as the employees. How to reduce employee’s turnover intention is a very pivotal challenge for today’s HR managers. Pay better incentives and employee’s motivational techniques have been useless and old practices of the human resource management. To analyze employee’s turnover intention and its impact on organizational outcomes 50 questionnaires were distributed to the first and middle line employees in selected organized retail outlets in Bangalore. This is a qualitative research. The study was done through questionnaire. From the econometric analysis, it is found out that turnover intention has influence on attrition factors such as working environment, career growth, working hours, personal/family reasons, and relation with internal co – worker, welfare, working condition, and salary.

The main objective of the study is to examine the directional causality between spot and futures market in Indian scenario. For this purpose, the study has used pair wise Granger Causality test. The study has used daily prices series in both spot market and futures market for the 40 sample individual stocks drawn from six leading sectors namely Automobiles, Banking, Cement, Gas, Oil & Refineries, Information Technology and Pharmaceutical. The period of study is from 1st January 1997 to 31st May 2009. The study finds that with the exception of Tata Motors, all the remaining Automobile companies showed bi-directional causality between spot and futures prices. Seven (out of selected nine) Banks showed bi-directional causality between spot and futures prices. In the Gas, Oil & Refineries sector, BPCL, HPCL, IOC and Reliance Industries showed bi-directional causality between spot and futures prices. Out of the seven IT firms, four companies did not show any causality between spot and futures prices. All the six selected Pharmaceutical companies witnessed bi-directional causality between spot and futures prices.

The study is conducted mainly to find out the methods and effectiveness of training practices of select Information Technology companies in Chennai.This is mainly to assess the present status of the employee’s effectiveness in discharging the roles and responsibilities in tune with the objectives of the Information Technology Companies.

This study examines a novel written by John Steinbeck and correspondingly its translation into Persian by Valiallah Ebrahimi (1990). Gideon Toury’s Acceptability, Adequacy and Cultural Norms (1995) have been applied in this study. The researcher gathered some information about Toury and his theory of “cultural norms”, and also the two types of translation, namely “adequate” and “acceptable” defined by the same scholar. The translated text was analyzed against the original work to determine if it is source-oriented (adequate) or receptor-oriented (acceptable). The impact of the ideology of the translator on adequacy and acceptability in translation has also been considered as the most important case in the study. The findings of the study revealed that Ebrahimi’s translation was acceptable.

The issue of poverty and strategies to deal with it has occupied the ‘minds’ of various Governments in Nigeria before and after independence in 1960. Indeed the scourge of poverty has been the bane of the Countries of sub Saharan Africa for decades. Each country has tried to devise strategies and methods of dealing with the problem. Poverty is actually a world wide phenomenon hence; it has always attracted the attention of International Organizations like the United Nations and its subsidiary Organizations like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), and a host of others. The concern over poverty and the need to alleviate it, is predicated on the fact that it is a social phenomenon with multifarious negative consequences on the health of the people, the socio economic dimensions of the country and the totality of the productive capability and capacity of any country.