Archives-J 

Due to urbanization, population growth and modern lifestyle plastic was extensively used in the second half of the 20th century and became indispensable for humans of the 21st century. Plastic particles of less than 5 mm in diameter termed microplastic, due to indiscriminate use and mismanagement are found in all the environmental compartments (air, water, soil, food chain) and reach human food. Sewage sludge, plant composts, and food waste composts containing nutrient-rich soil amendments contain microplastic particles. The most common types of plastic polymers present in composts are polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyester (PET), cellulose, polyurethane and nitrile fibre. When these organic composts are amended with the cultivated soil the plastic particles are accumulated in the plant roots and travel to shoot and crop yield i.e. fruits, vegetables, rice, etc. Microplastic particles enter human organisms mainly by ingestion (water, seafood, non-seafood, salt, honey, sugar, drinks, fruits and vegetables), inhalation (air), and dermal contact (personal care products, face washes, hand cleaners, toothpaste, and facemask). Accumulation of the microplastic particles in the human body causes several health problems such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, respiratory toxicity, cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. Accumulating organic compounds associated with plastic manufacturing ( bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenone, nonylphenol, polyphenol, PFAS and phthalates) also have negative human health effects. Phthalates act as endocrine gland disrupters. Pathogenic, non-pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria form a biofilm on microplastic surfaces intake of such microplastic particles poses a serious challenge to Doctors. This work summarizes the concentration of microplastic in compost, food wastes, sewage, and the human food chain and their impact on plant growth and human health.

This paper predicted the corrosion rates of three refinery boiler components namely: Baffle wall tubes, vapourizing tube bank and the superheater coils, using a mathematical model developed from the balance equation of the refinery boiler. The results obtained were then compared those already measured by Ultrasonic Thickness Scanning Technique (UTS). The essence is to determine if the prediction equation can be useful in predicting the life expectancy of the various boiler components. The prediction was done for a period of four years. Metal loss recorded for Baffle Wall Tubes was 0.10 mm to 1.10 mm from UTS, while the one from the model was 0.11 mm to 0.98 mm. Metal loss recorded for vapourizing tube bank was 0.06 mm to 1.00 mm from UTS and that from the model was 0.05 mm to 0.98 mm. Metal loss recorded for superheater coil was 0.026 mm to 0.67 mm. The percentage deviation calculated between the model and that from UTS showed a correlation between the rates observed by the different measurement tools. The introduction of the inhibitor model indicated that inhibitor application can greatly reduce the corrosion rates of the refinery boiler’s components. The paper has also shown that the mathematical predictive model can be used to predict the corrosion rates of the internal boiler components as compared to the recorded readings of the Ultrasonic Thickness Scanning Technique.

Nodular fasciitis is an unusual benign reactive process of the soft tissues related to the fascia and characterized by fibroblastic proliferation. Its rapid growth can be deceptively similar to that of soft-tissue sarcomas. The importance of this diagnosis is primarily in its recognition, separation from a wide differential diagnosis and avoidance of unnecessary additional surgery. We report a case of a rare localization of this tumor in the neck observed in a six years old child.

Toda embroidery is a genetic specialty which is set apart by its geometric themes and delightful completion, it seems like a woven material; however, in the specific structure, it is weaving that is performed on cotton fabric with red and dark woolen threads. This particular style of weaving is privately known as "Pugur" or "Pukhoor. The reason for this work is to revive and report the weaving of Toda. In India Toda is found in Nilgiri area in Tamilnadu state. Toda clans are acclaimed for their conventional weaving called Toda weaving, which is less notable as an art for the outside world. This study was conducted with the aim of studying toda's fine artistic values, studying the relationship between toda, fabric structure, the revival and documentation of embroidery Toda to excute fashion accessories. This study will be a stage forward to carry new measurements to the world of fashion design.

This paper aims of inducing the notion of neutrosophic soft cubic set to BCK/BCI-algebras. Here we focus on various characterizations of neutrosophic soft cubic BCK/BCI-algebras. We infer that the R-intersection of two neutrosophic soft cubic BCK/BCI-algebras is also a neutrosophic soft cubic BCK/BCI- algebras. We also investigate several properties of neutrosophic soft cubic subalgebras of BCK/BCI-algebras based on a given parameter.

In India, cancers account for about 3.3% of the disease burden and about 9% of all deaths. Malignant neoplasms of the stomach can lead to malnutrition as a result of excessive blood and protein loss or more commonly due to obstruction and mechanical interference with food intake. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of hospitalized gastrointestinal cancer patients using Nutrition Risk Screening tool (NRS), Subjective Global Assessment tool (SGA) and Questionnaire. Method: Gastrointestinal cancer patients were selected on the bases of the inclusion & exclusion criteria. The NRS 2002, SGA & FFQ were applied by qualified dietitians. Results: Malnutrition evolves during the course of cancer and is modulated by therapeutic interventions. Among the selected patients 23.4% each had colon & stomach cancer followed by esophageal cancer. According to the NRS scoring 43.3% had a score of four indicating malnutrition and only 6.7% were well nourished according to the SGA scoring. Duncan’s Post Hoc tests indicated that as the fruit intake was increased the subjects were nourished and nutritional care plan can be initiated for them; whereas for the group whose intake was less, they were consecutively malnourished and there was a need for nutritional care plan along with care to avoid the associated risk status. Conclusion: Malnutrition in cancer patients should be considered and treated as an additional disease, as it has been shown to worsen clinical outcomes and increase morbidity, mortality, and complication rates, thus causing additional costs

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) play an important role in connecting devices in pervasive environments. Each node in MANET can act as source and router. In this paper, we propose a On Demand Route Routing Protocol (ODRRP) with Broadcast Reply which combines the merits of both proactive and reactive approach. Like proactive approach, it maintains routing table at every node. However, it differs from proactive approach; that the routing table is not built prior to communication. Routing table is built in incremental steps during route discovery. Route discovery takes place like reactive approach only on demand. ODRRP takes advantage of broadcast nature in MANET for route discovery and store maximum information in the routing tables at each node. Broadcast natures avoid handshaking of RTS and CTS and effectively utilize trans-receiver antennas which reduce power consumption and effectively utilize bandwidth. The simulation of ODRRP carried out in network simulator (NS-2.32) which shows significant improvement in packet delivery ratio.

This study strived to show the possible relationship among L2 advanced learners’ pragmatic competence and their emotional intelligence. A total of 80 (32 males and 48 females) advanced M.A. TEFL at two Iran’s universities participated. Two tests of Bar-On EQ-i and Liu’s pragmatic test were administered among the participants. Then, the Pearson product-moment correlation was run. The findings revealed three medium positive correlations (between the participants’ pragmatic competence and their intrapersonal/ interpersonal/ emotional intelligence) and two small positive correlations (between the participants’ pragmatic competence and adaptability/ stress management intelligence). The overall findings may be revealing to L2 pedagogy on the role of pragmatics and emotional intelligence in the L2 learning development.

This paper analyzes aerosols in the Sahelian zone, particularly in Burkina Faso, based on in situ measurements of the AERONET network made from 1999 to 2006. Indeed, we characterize aerosols by studying their optical and microphysical parameters measured on the site of Ouagadougou (12.2° N, 1.4° W). Thus, several types of days were defined based on the daily averages of optical thicknesses observed. Therefore, cases of days with AOT values > 1 and possibly beyond 2.5 or 3 are associated with desert dust occurrences confirmed by the Angstrom coefficient(?440-870 < 0.5) and the single scattering albedo (SSA> 0.9) observed mainly in Winter (DJF) and then in Spring (MAM). These huge falls of mineral dust are due to the proximity of this zone with the Sahel, Burkina Faso being particularly located in the Sahel, as clearly shown by the back-trajectories of the air masses drawn at 300 m, 1.000 m and 3.000 m of altitude. These wind trajectories reveal the presence of desert aerosols in all periods, with an influence in Summer due to distant transport at high altitude, nearly 3.000 m, in thin dust, whereas in Winter and in Spring, dust is generated by low-level winds from the North and Northeast. However, mixed days corresponding to AOT values ? 0.5 and ?440-870 ? 0.5 are dominated by more scattering fine desert particles mixed with too much thin combustion aerosols. The combustion particles are due to transports from the Southern part of the country to the Gulf of Guinea, mainly in Winter, Spring and Autumn.

Nowadays all managers try to find the factors which affect on organizational or personal outputs like performance and productivity. One of these factors is organizational culture. The topic of organizational culture is increasingly understood as a company asset that can be used to increase business performance. While important, organizational culture is a slippery concept to concretely define. This paper deals with the historical development and foundational understandings of both the term culture, from anthropology, and its appropriation by industrial organization researchers to organizational culture. In the research, the role of organizational culture in the organizations was surveyed. Organizational culture refers to the beliefs and values that have existed in an organization for a long time, and to the beliefs of the staff and the foreseen value of their work that will influence their attitudes and behavior. Administrators usually adjust their leadership behavior to accomplish the mission of the organization, and this could influence the employees’ job satisfaction. It is therefore essential to understand the relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction of employees. It can be learned by stories, rituals, material symbols and language. And finally it can affect on job satisfaction, commitment, empowerment, performance, productivity and even customer satisfaction.